Introduction to Grand Corruption

What is/are Grand Corruption?

Grand Corruption - We contend that the situation in Venezuela is not fully comprehensible, and the referral falls short, without looking through the lens of grand corruption. ^[1] He concludes that despite increased level of tabloid journalism that expose corruption, there exists institutional, political, and legislative failure to prosecute grand corruption. ^[2] Things would however not go as expected as exclusion, nepotism, patron-client relations, rule by law and grand corruption would be the most infectious ailments that immediately affected the country. ^[3] Based on primary and secondary data, this article argues that grand corruption such as Ghanaian political corruption mainly stems from a complex interplay of greed, opportunities grounded in monopoly power, and weak deterrent systems. ^[4] This article offers an exemplary case of grand corruption in Mexico, narrating the story of how a series of actors and institutions at all levels collaborated to obtain favours, while dispossessing an agrarian community of its property rights, and replacing its elected Commissariat with a person of their choice, paying him the equivalent of US$3 million. ^[5] Grand corruption has been abundantly approached from different perspectives in the social sciences, but only in relatively recent times has greater importance been given to the study of “petty” corruption, which emerges in practices of everyday life mingled with the logic of private exchange of favors. ^[6] Findings The research finds evidence of an e-government paradox in five forms: an emphasis on technological development; transactional services are faster but have displaced attention from core public services; petty corruption has been reduced but grand corruption remains; isomorphic mimicry; and greater participation by citizens has been limited. ^[7] Traditionally, three functional types of corruption are distinguished: political corruption, grand corruption, and petty corruption. ^[8] ABSTRACT This study presents a dual approach towards the political economy of corruption under Turkey’s AKP government by differentiating between petty and grand corruption. ^[9] EnglishPolitic corruption, overall the one known as “grand corruption”, shares characteristics with organized economic crime. ^[10] From an international perspective, there is a lack of debarment from public procurement and disgorgement of illegal profits by senior executives of corporations that conclude a negotiated settlement in grand corruption in domestic or foreign bribery cases. ^[11] Despite the changes in the web accountability institutions, with the outbreak of major federal police operations, technological uses, new legal devices and a high degree of concentration between the agencies, there is a small proportion of grand corruption crime, involving middle and high-ranking bureaucrats and more sophisticated crimes with greater financial value. ^[12] 1 While anti-corruption law is extensively adopted in Southern Africa, the implementation of law has encountered deficiencies and challenges in tackling, especially grand corruption. ^[13] grand corruption, political corruption, corporate corruption, administrative corruption, petty corruption, and systemic corruption etc. ^[14]