Introduction to Gold Atoms
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Theoretical calculations indicate the geometry of Au7(PPh3)7H52+ is similar to Au7(PPh3)7+, with three hydrogen atoms bridging two gold atoms and two hydrogen atoms forming single Au-H bonds.
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In [(Me3PAu)3H(MTC[4])] two gold atoms already come close enough to undergo aurophilic interactions.
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Gold Atoms sentence examples within Terminal Gold Atoms
Early studies of di-metal-doped boron clusters focused on gold, revealing ladder-like boron structures with terminal gold atoms.
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Furthermore, it can be found that the aurophilic interactions containing terminal gold atoms strengthen with the increase of total gold atoms and progressively stabilize for large clusters of Au6Cl7– and Au7Cl8–, whereas the aurophilic interactions between nonterminal adjacent gold atoms stabilize at n = 5.
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Gold Atoms sentence examples within Surface Gold Atoms
The optimal average gold nanoparticles (NPs) size corresponding to the maximum glucose conversion was ∼6 nm, whereas the normalization of structure/size sensitivity to exposed surface gold atoms (TOF) moved this optimum to Au NPs of ca.
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Proposed mechanisms for the catalyzed reactions include hydride transfer from gold-bonded alkoxides to surface gold atoms.
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Gold Atoms sentence examples within Central Gold Atoms
DFT calculations furthermore reveal weak Raman bands at higher frequencies compared to the breathing mode, which are associated mostly with the rattling of two central gold atoms of the bi-icosahedral Au23 core.
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Thiolates are the most common ligand, binding to the cluster via a staple motif in which only central gold atoms are in the metallic state.
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First, we coated the silver nanoplates with gold atoms to mask the antimicrobial activity.
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Theoretical calculations indicate the geometry of Au7(PPh3)7H52+ is similar to Au7(PPh3)7+, with three hydrogen atoms bridging two gold atoms and two hydrogen atoms forming single Au-H bonds.
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The explanation for this phenomenon has been found in the complex effect of a decrease in the number of grain boundaries (due to an increase in the average grain size with increasing temperature) and an increase in the concentration of gold atoms diffusing from the sublayer more actively with an increase in the processing temperature of NiFe films.
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As an illustration, we introduced the reducing-ligand induction joint method and synthesized a novel nanocluster, which was determined to be Au 28 (SCH 2 Ph- t Bu) 22 with the same number of gold atoms as existing Au 28 (SR) 20 nanoclusters but different ligands (hetero-staple-homo-size).
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METHODS
The GoldinLens was manufactured by synthesizing GNPs inside the preformed contact lens matrix by first loading the lenses (Moist and TrueEye) with gold precursor followed by reduction (with sodium borohydride or trisodium citrate) to gold atoms, which nucleated to GNPs inside the polymeric matrix.
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All of the related defects involved gold atoms.
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For the functionalized NPs the interactions between gold atoms and chemically adsorbed functional groups change their shape.
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The gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are a special kind of gold nanomaterial containing several gold atoms.
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The other seven gold atoms form a crown structure by a link of three orthogons with common sides and are protected by seven PPh3 ligands.
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42 eV on Au(110)-(1 × 3) reconstructed surfaces, at which the extra row of gold atoms located in the (1 × 3) reconstructed grooves plays a key role.
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These two additives could change chemical equilibriums and promote the etching of more gold atoms at the AuNR ends.
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In contrast, the formation of self-assembled (SA) monolayers is prevented due to the extraction of gold atoms from the surface upon the incubation process required for the formation of these films.
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Using the method of quantum-chemical modeling of a system of gold nanoparticles on a graphite substrate with various defects, a decrease in the density of states of gold atoms during the adsorption of hydrogen near the interface is shown.
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The involvement of the adsorbed OH – ion and gold atoms the nearest to it in the formation of molecular orbitals of this system is assessed.
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498 In situ electron microscopy reveals the early stage, reversible, dynamic processes as gold atoms crystallize.
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Recently, we performed a femtosecond X-ray liquidography (solution scattering) experiment on a gold trimer complex (GTC), [Au(CN)2-]3, in water at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and elucidated the time-dependent positions of vibrational wavepackets from the Franck-Condon region to equilibrium structures on both excited and ground states in the course of the formation of covalent bonds between gold atoms.
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With this purpose, a polycrystalline Pt electrode was modified by spontaneous deposition of gold atoms, achieving a gold surface coverage (θ) in the range of 0 ≤ θ ≤ 0.
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The von Mises stresses had a reduction in the relaxation and mold retrieval stages based on the rearrangement of the gold atoms.
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In [(Me3PAu)3H(MTC[4])] two gold atoms already come close enough to undergo aurophilic interactions.
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The other thallium atom similarly bridges the same [Au(C6F5)2]- units and links a neighbouring Au2Tl2 moiety, thus exhibiting a distorted trigonal planar geometry being bonded only to three gold atoms with unsupported Au-Tl interactions.
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Systematic analysis of the electron emission spectra of XPS and STM/S of the undercoordinated gold atoms revealed that the 4f and 5d bands undergo quantum entrapment while the 6s level is subject to localization and polarization because of the undercoordination-induced local bond contraction and bond strength gain – named bond order-length-strength correlation and nonbonding electron polarization (BOLS-NEP).
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An important role in the formation of nanoscale gold layers is played by the processes of self-irradiation of the growing layer of the high-energy component of the gold atoms flux.
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Here, we propose an extremely sensitive assay toward Pb2+ by using gold nanostars (GNSs) as probes based on the catalytic activity of Pb on etching gold atoms after being reduced in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and sodium thiosulfate.
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Computational studies prove that gold atoms in negatively charged species can function as acceptors of electron density.
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An odd–even swinging behavior is noted among energy gap and number of gold atoms, indicating that cluster with odd number of gold atoms shows HOMO-LUMO gap higher in comparison with their contiguous system with even number of gold atoms.
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The chemical stability is due to the partly ionic and covalent
bonding between the gold atoms.
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The optimal average gold nanoparticles (NPs) size corresponding to the maximum glucose conversion was ∼6 nm, whereas the normalization of structure/size sensitivity to exposed surface gold atoms (TOF) moved this optimum to Au NPs of ca.
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, solvents, molecules and cells) influencing Au NCs in various applications; and ii) the interfacial chemistry between ligands and gold atoms can determine the structures, as well as the physical and chemical properties of Au NCs.
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DFT calculations furthermore reveal weak Raman bands at higher frequencies compared to the breathing mode, which are associated mostly with the rattling of two central gold atoms of the bi-icosahedral Au23 core.
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Further, gold atoms were interacted with all –OH groups of quercetin molecule at a time to see its stability and the structure was found to have quite stable with an energy level of 218.
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The aim was to determine the effect of the concentration of gold atoms on the size and on the actual chemical composition of the formed bimetallic nanoparticles.
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With atomically precise gold nanoclusters acting as a starting unit, substituting one or more gold atoms of the nanocluster with other metals has become an effective strategy to create metal synergy for improving catalytic performances and other properties.
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Gamma-rays (411 keV) emitted by AuNPs in the cells were measured by a spectrometer and the absorbed dose was calculated using the formula D = (k × N × n)/m, where D was the absorbed dose (GyE), k—depth-related irradiation coefficient, N—number of activated gold atoms, n—boron concentration (ppm), and m—the mass of gold (g).
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This is the first reported tri-gold ketenylidene with atomic distances indicative of bonding interaction between the gold atoms.
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Here, we demonstrate significant effects of explicit metal polarizability on the solvation and electrostatic properties of bare gold NPs in aqueous electrolyte solutions of sodium salts of various anions (Cl-, BF4-, PF6-, nitrophenolate, and 3- and 4-valent hexacyanoferrate), using classical molecular dynamics simulations with a polarizable core-shell model for the gold atoms.
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Through a bottom-up strategy, CdS quantum dots (QDs) doped with 12 gold atoms in each nanocrystal (NC) were prepared by cation exchange reactions.
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The possibility of using the investigated nanocluster of gold atoms for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is shown.
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Herein, we report a new class of promising anti-cancer gold(I)-gold(III) complexes with the general formula [XAuI(µ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuIIIX] [X = Cl (1), Br (2), NO3 (3)] which feature two gold atoms in different oxidation states (I and III) in a single molecule.
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The analysis of radial distribution functions calculated between gold atoms and γ-CD reveals that anchoring and binding of an adsorbate onto the gold surface occur through multiple non-covalent interactions, among which non-covalent bonding of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups, as well as the aliphatic carbon moieties play an essential role.
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The Au(I)-phosphane structure introduces a new transition assigned to an intraligand transition involving the phosphane ligand, and π(C≡C) system, to the p orbitals of phosphorus and gold atoms.
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As the temperature approached 50 °C, the OD gradually decreased and showed a blue shift as the reaction proceeded, which could be related to a decrease in particle size or surface dissolution of gold atoms.
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TEM imaging confirmed that the AuNPs were spherical, with XRD patterns indicating that the gold atoms adopt a face-centered cubic structure.
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Gold‑sulfur complexes are formed by the lifting of gold atoms from the substrate surface as revealed by density functional theory calculations.
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The net positive charge makes the clusters more electrophilic with a capacity to absorb electrons from nucleophiles depending on the concentration and position of ligands and on the concentration of low-coordinated gold atoms.
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Specifically, new bond paths between hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring and gold atoms appeared, indicating that there is a favorable interaction between these atoms at the relativistic level.
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The assay is based on specific interactions between protonated dopamine and gold atoms through the catechol group, which induces aggregation of AuNPs and significantly enhances their peroxidase-like activity.
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The method relies on conventional and readily available sputter coaters to cover the entire sample with a thin layer of gold atoms.
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Finally, when gold atoms diffuse from the seed particle onto the {110} sidewalls during evaporation of the protective As cap, Langmuir evaporation does not take place, leaving the sidewalls of InAsSb NWs atomically flat.
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The nanoparticle is modelled using molecular mechanics where the gold atoms are represented by their polarizabilities.
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On the clean Au(111) surface, glycerol adsorbs at 150 K through weak interactions between the oxygen atoms from OH groups and gold atoms.
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The inner icosahedron shows bond lengths typical for elemental gold while the distances of the gold atoms in the dodecahedral arrangement are in the region of aurophilic interactions.
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High-energy electrons knocked out the gold atoms from the electrode; as a result, the gold atoms evaporated and the raids layers formed.
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Early studies of di-metal-doped boron clusters focused on gold, revealing ladder-like boron structures with terminal gold atoms.
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To tackle this point, a new approach based on the surface diffusion of gold atoms on different cavities of N-doped carbon is presented.
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As the vacuum thermal treatment temperature increases further, gold atoms start to agglomerate to form hillocks, and the resistance of the films increase dramatically.
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Whereas AuNCs formed by the agglomeration of several to tens of gold atoms (<1-2 nm) possess significant fluorescence, they have a negligible hyperthermal effect, while AuNCs comprised of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs > a few nanometers) have a marked hyperthermic effect but lose their inherent fluorescence and obstruct the intensity of neighboring fluorescent dyes due to Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).
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Instead they are derived from planar gold subclusters by adding more gold atoms to form tetrahedral Au4 bubbles.
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The variation of concentration of gold has been simulated by placing one and two gold atoms on graphene sheets containing successively 8 C-atoms (G8) and 32 C-atoms (G32).
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We have demonstrated that the fluorescence of the AuNCs is quenched by thiocyanate(SCN−) through the interaction between SCN− and gold atoms.
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Atomically precise Aun clusters (n = number of gold atoms) bridge the gap between non-metallic and metallic catalysts and offer new opportunities for unveiling the hidden properties of gold catalysts in the metallic, transition regime, and non-metallic states, respectively.
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The ubiquitous Au144(SR)60 and closely related compounds of ∼29 kDa (core mass) are large monolayer protected clusters (MPC) comprising 144 gold atoms and 60 thiolate ligands (RS groups).
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In the case of H2, theoretical modeling predicts no interaction with gold atoms that explain their high morphological stability under this gas.
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The calculations are performed for the thermodynamic means that characterize jumps of electrons from a nanosystem site to a neighboring site, the correlation functions demonstrating the possibility of existing two d electrons with oppositely oriented spin projections on the same site of the fullerenes consisting of gold atoms.
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