Introduction to Gene Expression

What is/are Gene Expression?

Gene Expression - In vitro experiments showed that the gene expression levels of TGF-b, a-SMA, and collagen 1 in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were significantly decreased after AICAR treatment. ^[1] Molecular approaches, such as multigene expression panels, analyze a set of cancer-related genes that more accurately predict the early risk of metastasis and the treatment response. ^[2] In mice, peripheral administration of BIX decreased cortical H3K9me2 levels and increased schizophrenia candidate gene expression. ^[3] flavefaciens treatment induced changes in cortical gene expression, up-regulating genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while down-regulating genes involved in neuronal plasticity. ^[4] inermis on wound healing by gene expression of glucose transporter‐1 (Glut‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor I (Igf‐1) in Wistar rats. ^[5] Interestingly, colonic IL-10, RegIIIγ, TNF-α, and iNOS gene expression were increased in IKKβ-deficient mice in the absence of bacterial challenge. ^[6] Alu RNAs, being able to act as gene expression modulators, may be directly involved in the mechanisms determining cellular behavior in such perturbed states. ^[7] Correlation of BRD4 binding and drug-mediated displacement at RNA Pol II pause sites with gene expression revealed a differential behavior of sensitive and resistant tumor cells to I-BET and identified a BRD4 signature at promoters of sensitive coding and non-coding genes. ^[8] Changes in transcriptional regulation are thought to be a major contributor to the evolution of phenotypic traits, but the contribution of changes in chromatin accessibility to the evolution of gene expression remains almost entirely unknown. ^[9] Moreover, the integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identified the potential regulatory network linked to hepatocarcinoma‐related biological processes, including metabolic activity, gene expression, cell cycle, cell migration, and so on. ^[10] In terms of ROS-related gene expression, we found that the mRNA levels of Nrf2, Cat, Gclc, Sod1, and Sod2 were significantly decreased in HG and LPS groups. ^[11] We apply the method to gene expression data of breast cancer patients, and confirm the crucial importance of the ESR1 gene in differentiating estrogen receptor status. ^[12] Global transcript profiling using RNA-seq was conducted (n = 16 per treatment) to provide a non-targeted and statistically robust approach to characterize TBPH gene expression patterns. ^[13] Gene expression profiling was performed on ovarian cancer cells grown in attached or forced suspension culture and confirmed by RT‐qPCR. ^[14] The use of different whole blood RNA collection systems on the IS have not been evaluated however despite evidence of method-dependent changes in gene expression (4). ^[15] Subsequently, tissue slices from different organs were subjected to X-Gal staining as the readout for lacZ gene expression. ^[16] Furthermore, we discuss how non-coding genetic variation affects gene expression by altering transcription factor binding through local and domain-wide mechanisms. ^[17] Although there has been progress on hemocyte characterization during pathogen infections in mosquitoes, the specific contribution of hemocytes to immune responses and the hemocyte-specific functions of immune genes and pathways remain unresolved due to the lack of genetic tools to manipulate gene expression in these cells specifically. ^[18] BackgroundAs one of the most described epigenetic marks in human cancers, DNA methylation plays essential roles in gene expression regulation and has been implicated in the prognosis and therapeutics of many cancers. ^[19] In this study, we investigated LncRNA alterations that contribute to lung cancer by analyzing published microarray data in Gene Expression Obminus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA (TCGA) sequencing data. ^[20] liquidambaris symbiosis increased the expression of phenolic and flavonoid synthesis-related genes, and the derived phenolics and flavonoids could effectively increase the chemotaxis, biofilm formation, and nodC gene expression (nodulation-related biological processes) of the Bradyrhizobium strain. ^[21] Gene expression in tumors from a subset of participating patients (n = 47) and another 533 primary ccRCC from TCGA were analyzed to elucidate potential mechanisms. ^[22] Taken together, our findings suggest that oral administration of PAG ameliorated AD, normalized tight junction gene expression and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in AD skin. ^[23] Main methods: We obtained a transcriptome data of scAT from RYGB and sham‐operated rats from the Gene Expression Omnibus. ^[24] 05), peptide cospun scaffolds demonstrated better cellular infiltration and significantly higher gene expression of neural cell adhesion molecule, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and peripheral myelin protein22 compared to the pristine PLGA and PLGA‐peptide‐coated scaffolds. ^[25] MicroRNAs (miRs) are small single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. ^[26] Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted by FUSION tool using gene expression weights of 7 tissues combined with a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of AF, totally involving 8180 AF cases and 28,612 controls. ^[27] (2009): Increased gene expression and production of spinal cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 during experimental osteoarthritis pain. ^[28] Alignment, elongation and fusion were grossly impaired in null cells, and myogenic gene expression was not coordinated with cytoskeletal and membrane remodeling events. ^[29] t The involvement of WAK2 gene in FHB resistance mechanism was assessed by gene expression comparison between resistant and susceptible wheat lines, and disease symptoms evaluation in 3 TILLING mutants for WAK protein function. ^[30] We report gene expression divergence for two putative ecotypes of S. ^[31] Gene expression analyses showed that most of the structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose and xylans were significantly down-regulated in MYB189-overexpressing poplars compared with the wild-type control. ^[32] Global gene expression experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying KLF4-dependent tumorigenesis. ^[33] Machine learning models to predict phenomena such as gene expression, enhancer activity, transcription factor binding, or chromatin conformation are most useful when they can generalize to make accurate predictions across cell types. ^[34] 8 nM) on gene expression of V-ATPases (vapE, vapA, vapG) located in the membrane of DV were tested by RT-qPCR. ^[35] Moreover, evaluation of gene expression by real-time PCR showed that treatment of A549 cells with HA-APG-NLCs significantly caused a decreased Nrf2, MRP2, HO-1, Bcl-2, along with an increase in Bid mRNA levels compared to the other groups (p. ^[36] Metatranscriptome profiles in high- and low-performance reactors demonstrated that denitrifiers contributed to the anaerobic degradation of heavy oil; however, no marked difference in the gene expression was found. ^[37] Quantification of ERG11 gene expression was carried out in C. ^[38] Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that remove acetyl groups on histone and non-histone proteins, thereby playing a vital role in the modulation of gene expression and protein activity. ^[39] This is accompanied by modulating BMAL1 expression and phosphorylation levels, which lead to dampened clock gene expression. ^[40] However, the effect of lithium on clock gene expression has not yet been investigated in vivo because continuous measurement of gene expression in organs with high time resolution over a period of several days is difficult. ^[41] Additionally, GLAd ensures long-term transgene expression in host organisms owing to its minimal immunogenicity, since it was constructed following the deletion of all the genes from an adenovirus. ^[42] These results indicated that the transient increase of intracellular ppGpp at night is due to CRSH-dependent ppGpp synthesis and the (p)ppGpp level is maintained by the hydrolytic activities of RSH1, RSH2, and RSH3 to accustom plastidial gene expression to darkness. ^[43] Gene expression data mostly available as cancer data have major challenges such as analyze, pattern matching and classification. ^[44] fluorescens were tested for modification of DR5::uidA, BA3::uidA and HS::AXR3NT-GUS auxin-related gene expression, and to promote root hair and lateral root formation in WT and tir1-1, tir1-1afb2-1afb3-1, arf7-1, arf19-1, arf7-1arf19-1, and rhd6 mutants. ^[45] To test whether these changes were due to restored signaling pathway regulation in BCCs, we probed for changes in gene expression of key molecules related to the EGFR and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. ^[46] Objective This study assessed the effects of probiotics on cecal microbiota, gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and immune response in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. ^[47] Gene expression and filtration rate were responsive to CuO NPs but the effects differed according to the NP size. ^[48] Thus, it is important to consider coordinated changes of gene expression rather than single genes when investigating biological phenomena such as the aetiology of cancer. ^[49] A complex system of these noncoding RNAs regulates the gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level and plays a significant role in the modulation of both innate and the adaptive immune systems. ^[50]