Introduction to Gamma Ray

Then, the amount of mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were measured using a CsI(Tl) detector for different gamma rays of 241Am, 57Co, 99mTc, and 133Ba radioactive sources.

The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) was calculated for three types of marble (Breshia, Galala, and Trista) experimentally, using a narrow gamma ray source and high pure germanium (HPGe).

The attenuation characteristics including the linear attenuation coefficients and mass attenuation coefficients of the prepared silicone-W or silicone-W-TiO2-based composites with respect to gamma ray were investigated.

The linear attenuation coefficient (µ), MFP, HVT, and TVT for wide energy ranges of incident gamma rays were estimated.

The system was constructed by combining a liquid organic scintillator, for the detection of alpha and beta particles, and a High Purity Germanium for the detection of correlated gamma rays.

Natural radioactivity concentrations owing to 40K, 232Th and 226Ra radionuclides were measured by using gamma ray spectrometry employing a high purity germanium (HPGe) type detector at University of Nairobi’s Nuclear Science & Technology Institute, INST.

Our findings indicate that ADSCs exposed to Cesium (Cs 137)-gamma rays at a moderate dose of 2Gy and either a low dose rate (1.

The workers at the Mayak nuclear facility near Ozyorsk, Russia are a primary source of information about exposure to radiation at low-dose rates, since they were subject to protracted exposures to external gamma rays and to internal exposures from plutonium inhalation.

The estimation of theoretical values of gamma ray shielding parameters with 137Cs gamma source such as mass attenuation co-efficient, effective atomic number, half value layer and mean free path was carried out using Photon Shielding and Dosimetry software and compared with experimental results.

The abilities of gamma ray shielding were investigated by the relative parameters effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and fast neutrons (ΣR) which are crucial gamma shielding parameters.

Hence, the present study was conducted to induce medium slender grain type in popular rice variety ADT 37 (Aduthurai 37), a short bold rice variety using gamma rays and electron beam mutagens.

Hence, the present study was conducted to induce medium slender grain type in popular rice variety ADT 37 (Aduthurai 37), a short bold rice variety using gamma rays (GR) and electron beam (EB) mutagens.

Shielding ability of B1-B6 for thermal neutron is mainly based on the on the absorption cross section of boron; The elements with higher content or cross section have higher contribution for the fast neutron shielding; The interactions of B1-B6 with gamma rays are different with each other because of the difference components, but the mainly are Photoelectric Absorption in the low energy region, Incoherent Scattering in the intermediate energy region and Pair Production in nuclear filed in the high energy region, the elements with higher content or high atomic number show higher contribution for the shielding performance.

These results related to that Bi have high atomic number (Z = 83), which can absorb the incoming gamma ray and other parameters related to estimated μm are available.

Gamma ray attenuation coefficients such as linear and mass attenuation half value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path for deferent thickness slabs of clay was measured using 3”×3” NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy system at energy 662 KeV, 1173 KeV, and 1332 KeV.

In this research, the coefficient of linear absorption, Half-value layer and Effective atomic number of the composite material for gamma ray of gadolinium oxide with PMMA (Gd2O3- PMMA) for shields made with varying concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and varied thicknesses The impact of raising the shield thickness when the concentration of each thickness is increased.

The investigated results indicate that transparent Na/Pb/B glasses containing zirconium nanoparticle are a good candidate substance for gamma ray and fast neutron removal protection.

The values of mean free path (MFP) and the half value layer (HVL) are smaller than those of the traditional photon shields signifying that the fabricated samples (particularly G5) have interesting shielding characteristics to be used in applications involving x/gamma rays.

This module is tasked as a distributed acquisition device with a focus on obtaining time stamps for candidate Cherenkov events, which could be generated at potentially high rates from very-high-energy gamma rays and their subsequent distribution over Ethernet.

Future high energy gamma ray experiments propose a rich physics program ranging from understanding the particle accelerators, detecting very high energy gamma ray bursts,and probing new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Calculation of the photopeak detection efficiency (PDE) is complicated by the fact that most incident 511 keV gamma rays first undergo Compton scattering in the scintillator resulting in a partial deposition of energy, as well as the production of a lower energy secondary gamma ray.

Time series of the counting rate intensity, numerical estimations of absolute flux, and energy distribution of accelerated electrons and of (20−2000) keV gamma rays were obtained at the height of 3700 m a.

This work presents the use of an experimental large volume CdZnTe detector for the detection of prompt gamma rays that are emitted from proton-nuclei interaction within plastic (C2H4) targets.

The prompt gamma rays with energies of 595.

‘Liaohe 2’ fresh walnut seeds were exposed to a wide-spectrum dose of 60Co gamma rays and then stored in sand under a suitable humidity at 25 ± 1 °C.

Native solid starch and dense (25 wt%) starch gels were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays using doses in the range 1 - 30 kGy.

25 MeV (Co-60 gamma ray) and 6 MV (Linac X-ray) for irradiation.

A reliable and well-characterized dosimetry system which is traceable to the international measurement system, is the key element to quality assurance in radiation processing with cobalt-60 gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beam.

The natural gamma ray log, self-potential log, and short normal resistivity and long normal resistivity logs were deployed affixing in a single probe.

Natural Gamma Ray and magnetic susceptibility vary downhole with rock composition and at lithologic boundaries.

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a wide-field-of-view gamma-ray observatory that is optimized to detect gamma rays between 300 GeV and several hundred TeV.

Position-sensitive transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters (PoSTs) were developed to detect gamma rays up to a few MeV.

Nevertheless, the pressure affects the particles such as e±, μ±, which produce gamma rays in the cascade.

Under the assumption that HMMQs produce gamma rays via a common mechanism, we have performed source-stacking searches, considering two different scenarios: (I) gamma-ray luminosity is a fraction ϵ γ of the microquasar jet luminosity, and (II) VHE gamma rays are produced by relativistic electrons upscattering the radiation field of the companion star in a magnetic field B.

The Spectral Gamma Ray [SGR (U, Th, and K)] and illustrates eight different flooding surfaces.

To better understand the geologic evolution of southwest Laurentia and the role of glacially driven eustasy in upper Paleozoic stratigraphy, we measured two detailed ∼600 m composite stratigraphic sections of the Keeler Canyon Formation and collected a handheld spectral gamma ray log.

In 2009 the observation of a short gamma ray burst seemed to bound the minimal length scale to distances smaller than the Planck length, implying that spacetime appeared continuous to distances below the Planck length.

Operating a closely tiled array of pixelated CdZnTe (CZT) detectors, HSE seeks to rapidly localize short gamma ray bursts (GRBs) resulting from neutron star and black hole mergers and search for faint undiscovered black hole low mass x-ray binaries.

There are 24 individual selected lines of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik Wangi mutants from 250 Gy gamma ray radiation which have a short stem character and have higher productivity than control plants.

5 Gy gamma rays over one month ± simulated microgravity (SMG).

The present paper describes a simple and automatic procedure for the determination of the relative efficiency using one or more activation products emitting gamma rays over a considered range of the spectrum.

In this study, RPT technique is applied in a simulated test section that employs a simplified mixer filled with concrete, six scintillator detectors and a 137Cs radioactive particle emitting gamma rays of 662 keV.

0 dengan data log gamma ray, kaliper, resistivitas, densitas, neutron dan photoelectric log.

Kompilasi analisis log density, log gamma ray dan korelasi data laboratorium dilakukan di tiga sumur yaitu Alkana 1, Alkuna 2 dan Alkena 3.

Utilizing Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology to detect these MeV gamma rays, GRAMS has the potential to uncover crucial details behind a variety of processes in multi-messenger astrophysics.

Because of the extremely strong absorption of thermal neutrons and the weak interaction with MeV gamma rays the material is an exciting new inorganic scintillator candidate for the detection thermal and epithermal neutrons.

Then, the amount of mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were measured using a CsI(Tl) detector for different gamma rays of 241Am, 57Co, 99mTc, and 133Ba radioactive sources.

CuO NPs@PVP/PEO composites have been prepared via one-potential laser ablation process then were subjected to different gamma ray doses of Mrad using an Indian 60Co gamma cell (2000 Ci) at room temperature.

Using archival COMPTEL data, we improve over current constraints on the allowed parameter space of primordial black holes as dark matter by studying their evaporation to soft gamma rays in nearby astrophysical structures.

Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei have hot accretion flows where thermal electrons naturally emit soft gamma rays via Comptonization of their synchrotron photons.

Vertical distribution of main lithologic units and gamma-ray signal of the Eagle Ford Formation of the studied section match those documented in several sites from Texas, with the shale-dominated, bentonite-rich succession of the lower Eagle Ford showing the higher gamma-ray values, and the limestone-dominated succession of the upper Eagle Ford exhibiting moderate-high gamma ray values.

The results indicate that, blast furnace slag geopolymer mortar made of lead slag as a fine aggregate containing EAFS possess high gamma rays shielding properties compared the other mortars.

The linear attenuation coefficient (µ), MFP, HVT, and TVT for wide energy ranges of incident gamma rays were estimated.

The collimator, which is an essential component of the SPECT, limits the direction of the incident gamma rays, such that the distribution of the gamma photons from the body can be observed.

Employing this method, isotope characteristic gamma rays emitted in inelastic neutron scattering events can be correlated with the neutron interaction location.

The characteristic gamma rays emitted by activated samples were measured with a spectrometer consisting of a digital multichannel analyzer (MCA) and a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector.

Ambient dose equivalent secondary standard ionization chamber and portable gamma ray irradiation facility have been designed for in-situ calibration.

• Five probable high anomaly zones controlled by the lithological and structural factor were detected by using portable gamma ray scintillometer model (GR-256).

VERITAS’s developing optical capabilities in tandem with the ability to measure TeV gamma rays allowed for a unique campaign to be undertaken.

In this work, the TeV gamma ray emission in Mrk421 is monitored over period from 2019 July to 2020 February with the first detector array of WCDA.

The aim this paper is characterize materials for 3D printed with different infill percentages for 137Cs gamma rays.

Human LECs from different genetic backgrounds (SV40 immortalized HLE-B3 and primary HLEC cells) were exposed to varying doses of 137Cs gamma rays (0, 0.

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will use three telescope sizes to efficiently detect cosmic gamma rays in the energy range from several tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV.

There are earlier reports on decrease in secondary cosmic gamma ray (SCGR) flux during solar eclipse and enhancement of the same during lunar eclipse.

Since the diffusion effect with a given source spacing in a PNC tool mainly depends on neutron slowing down and absorption, two parameters, the capture gamma ray counts ratio (RCAP) of the far to near detectors and the gamma ray counts ratio of inelastic scattering to capture (RIC) in the near detector, were used in the new method to effectively correct the diffusion effect.

A special boron sleeve gamma detector was designed to record the capture gamma rays from the boron-10 element.

Sn-117m also emits gamma rays, of which the most significant is 158.

Lately, the table was upgraded with a new $$^{152}Eu$$ source, which emits gamma rays in cascades of different energies.

Ex vivo-radioTLC was used to demonstrate that the detected gamma rays originated from [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-polystyrene.

The 64-channel individual readout ASIC was used to acquire the position, energy, and time information of a detected gamma ray.

The workers at the Mayak nuclear facility near Ozyorsk, Russia are a primary source of information about exposure to radiation at low-dose rates, since they were subject to protracted exposures to external gamma rays and to internal exposures from plutonium inhalation.

a -1 from external gamma rays and the increase in the annual effective dose ranged from 0.

75 kGy gamma rays in 15 h shows a linear increase after correcting the interference of temperature.

11 °C by 10 kGy gamma ray sterilization.

Furthermore, the specific gamma ray constant, mass energy absorption coefficient, and absorbed dose rate at equal photon energy and glass thickness follow the trend: PBBZ1 > PBBZ2 > PBBZ3.

MAC), specific gamma ray constant (ᴦ), total stopping power (TSP), neutron cross sections, and dose rate (D).

We measured 24 PFAS (using LC–MS/MS) and total fluorine (using particle-induced gamma ray emission) in dust from multiple rooms of 15 Massachusetts stations, many of which (60%) no longer use PFAS-containing AFFF at all and the rest of which only use it very rarely.

Nuclear analytical methods namely in situ current normalised Particle Induced Gamma Ray Emission (PIGE) and conventional Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) were utilized for determining major, minor and trace concentrations of eighteen elements in five soda-lime (automobile) glass samples.

3DGShield, A new 3D gamma ray shielding code, based on the method of point kernel technique, has been developed for arbitrary regular & irregular shaped source and shield geometries.

The purpose of this study is to design a multi-pinhole collimator for the 3D gamma ray imaging.

The decaying neutralino can be probed by indirect detection experiments, specifically by its signature decay into the hidden sector neutralino and an energetic gamma ray photon.

25 MeV 60Co source energetic gamma rays with the different specific materials.

This work proposes a new efficient meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called Gamma Ray Interactions Based Optimization (GRIBO).

The nuclide-specific dose rate constant, formerly called gamma ray constant, is one of the most important quantities in practical radiation protection dosimetry.

Forty rats were exposed to whole-body gamma rays of 0, 0.

Material and methods: 56 male albino rats, which were divided into four groups (14 rats per group); group (I): Control group, group (II): rats were irradiated with a single dose of whole body gamma rays (6 Gy) and left 4 weeks.

Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGF) are intense and prompt bursts of X- and gamma-rays of up to 100 MeV of energy.

Gamma Ray Signatures of Neutrons From a Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash.

This method is based on measuring gamma rays emitted from different uranium isotopes using a highly sensitive hyperpure germanium detector (HP-Ge) with 50% relative efficiency.

The detection system enables measuring gamma rays and neutrons simultaneously and estimating locations of radioactive sources within 23°.

Neutron sources are always accompanied by the de-excitation gamma rays, discriminate neutron events in mixed radiation environments can improve the performance of spectrometer significantly.

The de-excitation gamma rays emitted by the excited Xe nucleus in the final state yield a unique signature, which can be searched for with low background by studying coincident events in two or more bolometers.

We observed gamma rays above 200GeV in the vicinity of the SNR G106.

The HAWC Collaboration has observed gamma rays at energies above 56 TeV from a collection of nine sources.

The radioactive source of 137Cs that irradiated gamma rays with an energy of 662 keV were used in this experiment.

The aims of this research is to determine the characteristics and morphological diversity of Dendrobium odoardi orchid irradiated gamma ray results and without gamma ray irradiation.

For external radiation protection, most of the national metrology institutes in the world have established the primary standard of X-ray air kerma in (10-250) kV and Cs-137 gamma ray, but the energy between 250 and 662 keV needs the establishment of traceability.

Absorption properties of geopolymer from fly ash (FA) as a matrix, graphite and nickel or graphite and iron powder as a filler have been carried out by applying Cs-137 gamma ray source.