Introduction to Functional Connectivity

The mean brain-wide functional connectivity map of each lesion volume was assessed across a database of resting-state functional MRI data from healthy children (spanning approximately 2.

Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is a widespread and powerful tool for investigating functional connectivity (FC) and brain disorders.

Interestingly, for older adults, the temporal distance effect was reflected by functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN), with a stronger anterior DMN-posterior DMN coupling for remote events than for recent events, whereas no temporal distance difference on functional connectivity was found in young adults.

The dPCu showed negative resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the default mode network (DMN).

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with electrophysiology and biochemistry, we show that pelvic pain, particularly, primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), causes an increase in the functional connectivity between ACC and HIPP in resting-state fMRI, and a smaller reduction in connectivity during social exclusion in PDM females with periovulatory phase.

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of functional connectivity of brain pain-emotion regulation region in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

The main outcomes include the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, functional connectivity of the brain, bilateral superficial peroneal nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity, bilateral dorsal current perception threshold values and the degree of subjective pain.

The MRI analytical methods are mainly (fractional) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF/ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC), whereas a small subset of studies used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

The child’s magnetic resonance imaging showed changes in brain volume and in structural and functional connectivity revealing phenotypic changes caused by the presence of the extra chromosome material, whereas the mother’s brain MRI was normal.

We hypothesized that mindfulness training would enhance cognition, increase intrinsic functional connectivity measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between the hippocampus and posteromedial cortex, as well as promote increased gray matter volume within those regions.

Sleep resting state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) is poorly understood, particularly for rapid eye movement (REM), and in non-sleep deprived subjects.

Finally, latency analysis on resting-state networks (RSNs), obtained by applying k-means clustering technique on group-level functional connectivity matrix, identified a path of signal propagations similar to previous findings in EEG during wakefulness, which propagated mainly from the brainstem upward to internal capsule and further to corona radiata.

Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampus and AnG was specifically associated with vividness efficiency, while the connectivity of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex was associated with metacognitive efficiency across individuals.

Functional MRI studies have showed that PTSD was linked to medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and sub-cortical structures like amygdala and hippocampus, and to explore the functional connectivity among these brain areas which might reveal the possible neurobiological mechanism related to PTSD symptoms.

Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been inconsistent.

Investigation of brain changes in functional connectivity and functional network topology from receiving 8-week selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatments is conducted in 12 unmedicated adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by using wavelet-filtered resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Brain connectivity analyses focused on the salience network, a core intrinsic functional connectivity network which has previously been implicated in autism spectrum disorder.

We investigate potential underlying differences in the functional connectivity (FC) profiles of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have severe issues with restrictive, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behaviour (RRBs), those who have only mild issues, and controls.

Functional connectivity analysis showed reduced coupling between the amygdalae and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in the CLBP group compared to controls.

Functional connectivity between these brain areas reveals widespread organization, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal sulcus, and in the cerebellum.

This study aims to characterize the connective profiles and the coupling relationship between dynamic and static functional connectivity (dFC and sFC) in large-scale brain networks in patients with generalized epilepsy (GE).

Specifically, we analysed large-scale brain networks, region-to-region functional connectivity and connectivity indices informed by graph theory.

Results Discovery analyses in ABIDE revealed significant main effects of diagnosis and sex across the intrinsic functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex, regional homogeneity and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) in several cortical regions, largely converging in the default network midline.

Graph-theoretic analysis of resting-state functional connectivity revealed that, within that network, compositional behavior was associated with integration measures in 2 semantic hubs: the left posterior cingulate cortex and the left angular gyrus.

OBJECTIVE To explore whether the whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) could predict episodic memory performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

We examined whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and behavioral metrics from 841 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, including healthy controls, individuals with AUD, and their unaffected siblings.

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) has been linked to abnormalities in the communication and gray matter volume (GMV) of large-scale brain networks, as reflected by impaired resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and aberrant voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Analysis of voxel-based morphometry of gray matter volume (GMV) and seed-to-whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was performed from the perspective of the cerebellum, and their correlations with neuropsychological variables were explored.

We measured ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) functional connectivity (FC) as a function of apathy, using an a priori vmPFC seed adopted from a motivated decision making study in an independent TBI study cohort.

Methods Resting state functional connectivity between ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex regions (VS-vmPFC) and plasma inflammatory marker levels (IL-6, TNFα) were measured in 74 TRD adults.

Objective To determine whether the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) may be a key network structure of altered functional connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we examined fMRI with network-based analyses.

We utilized task functional MRI on 54 unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy patients and 24 matched healthy controls during the performance of a paired-associate memory task to address three questions: (i) which regions implement paired-associate memory in temporal lobe epilepsy, and do they vary as a function of good versus poor performance, (ii) is there unique functional connectivity present during memory encoding that accounts for intact status by preservation of primary memory computations or the supportive computations that allow for intact memory responses and (iii) what features during memory encoding are most distinctive: is it the magnitude and location of regional activations, or the presence of enhanced functional connections to key structures such as the hippocampus? The study revealed non-dominant hemisphere regions (right posterior temporal regions) involving both increased regional activity and increased modulatory communication with the hippocampi as most important to intact memory in left temporal lobe epilepsy compared to impaired status.

, altered grey matter volumes, white matter integrity and functional connectivity patterns) in schizophrenia within multiple brain regions, especially the frontal, temporal and hippocampal areas.

Current neuroimaging studies have identified grey matter volume (GMV) and resting‐state functional connectivity changes of pain processing regions related to neuropathic pain intensity in spinal cord injury subjects.

We found recently that multi-echo fMRI improves the test-retest reliability of resting-state functional connectivity measurements, mitigating the need for acquiring large quantities of per -subject data.

Despite early conflicting reports, converging reports now suggest that test-retest reliability is poor for standard univariate measures-namely, voxel- and region-level task-based activation and edge-level functional connectivity.

Compared with the controls, both patient groups showed decreased functional connectivity between the left superficial amygdala and the left putamen, and between the right superficial amygdala and the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, while only patients with anxiety exhibited decreased activity in the bilateral laterobasal and superficial amygdala.

A similar pattern was found between neuroticism and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity in response to stress-related content.

Our model captures the inter-areal topography of LSD-induced changes in cortical blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity.

Analyses of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), functional connectivity (FC), correlation, and post hoc test for multiple comparisons were carried out.

However, a number of nonclinical neuroimaging modalities, including diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional connectivity MRI, show promise as biomarkers to predict progression and as clinical trial endpoints.

Changes in brain volume, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), metabolites (normalized to total creatine, tCr), temperature, structural and functional connectivity, and inflammatory markers were quantified.

In women with PVD, we also obtained assessments of vulvar pain, vestibular and vaginal muscle tenderness, and 24-hour symptom intensity alongside resting-state brain functional connectivity of brain regions involved in pain processing and modulation.

This study explores lateralization changes in resting state brain network functional connectivity in a cohort with symptoms of military‐related traumatic stress, associated with use of a closed‐loop neurotechnology, HIRREM.

Background: Using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), we investigated alternations in spontaneous brain activities reflected by functional connectivity density (FCD) in patients with optic neuritis (ON).

Cortex thickness, gray matter (GM) volume, spontaneous brain activity, functional connectivity (FC) within SN, and its relationship with cognitive function were analyzed.

NF focusing on a regularization of brain activity associated with the amygdala or functional connectivity (FC) between the executive control network (ECN) and default mode network (DMN) has been applied to reduce depressive symptoms.

To this end, we examined (1) frontal midline theta-beta ratio (TBR), an indicator of attentional control state known to correlate with mind wandering episodes and functional connectivity of the executive control network; (2) pupil diameter (PD), a known proxy measure of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic activity; and (3) respiration for evidence of phase synchronization and information transfer (multivariate Granger causality) during quiet restful breathing.

Also, the hemodynamics responses of the prefrontal cortex, including oxy-hemoglobin concentration (ΔHbO) and the functional connectivity, were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Functional connectivity (FC), as assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), is a promising approach that evaluates cortical activation through hemodynamic response estimation.

Methods We applied resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and calculated a reliable functional connectivity measurement, the debiased weighted phase lag index (dWPLI), to examine inter-regional functional connectivity in 68 patients with PD who were classified into two groups according to their cognitive condition.

EEG networks were derived using the strength of functional connectivity measured through the weighted phase lag index (wPLI).

We explored whether individual levels of cognitive reserve (CR) proxied by education moderate dance intervention (DI)-induced plasticity assessed by resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) changes of the sensorimotor network (SMN), and between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and anterior default mode network (aDMN).

Results Compared with healthy controls, NOGD patients with SDS showed the significantly increased functional connectivity (FC) between dorsal attention network (DAN) and left frontal-parietal control network (LFPN) and significantly decreased FC between LFPN and default mode network (DMN).

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) increases resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the hippocampus with the precuneus and other posterior cortical areas and causes proportional improvement of episodic memory.

Therefore, we investigated functional connectivity changes associated with functional dysphagia after applying facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the supplementary motor area (SMA).

To reveal the characteristics of these networks, in this study, we estimate the functional connectivity through electroencephalogram (EEG) signals under the condition of watching a driving scene by a phase lag index (PLI) with high spatio-temporal resolution, and compared the functional connectivity between beginner and expert groups for driving.

We used the phase lag index (PLI), which captures synchronization of MEG signals, to estimate functional connectivity.

Phase-locking values (PLVs) were evaluated to quantify functional connectivity; global and nodal clustering coefficients (CCs) were evaluated to quantify global and local activities of DMN nodes, respectively.

Functional connectivity (FC) analyses were carried out using the phase-locking value.

Functional connectivity demonstrates decreased communication between these areas, and effective connectivity puts the culprit at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting that the problem is related to abnormal behavioral relevance attached to the pain.

We specifically investigated whether functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to brain regions within the cingulo-opercular (CO) network, a well-known EF network that underlies control of attention and self-regulation, mediates the association between adversity and psychopathological behaviors.

Obesity imposes serious health risks and involves alterations in resting‐state functional connectivity of brain networks involved in eating behavior.

Obesity imposes serious health risks and involves alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of brain networks involved in eating behavior.

Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) characterizes the internal functional connectivity of the brain, which is considered to have a regional functional basis.

Inter- and intrahemispheric coordination was performed by using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and seed-based functional connectivity analysis.

Results Results indicated that the PM intervention increased brain responsivity in the left posterior insula in response to negative affective stimuli and altered resting state functional connectivity in regions involved in self-reference, behavioral regulation, and social-emotional processing.

However, it is unclear whether altered resting-state functional connectivity (FC) exists in brain regions with structural abnormalities in patients with VM.

Hypnotizability, one's ability to experience cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical changes in response to suggestions in the context of hypnosis, is a highly stable trait associated with increased functional connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).

Here, for the first time, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity of the thalamus, medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and its association with symptom severity in two matched cohorts of HFASD.

Dynamic resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) characterizes fluctuations that occurs over time in functional brain networks.

Since previous studies have shown how the SPL is significantly involved in different neurological functions—such as visuomotor, cognitive, sensory, higher order, working memory and attention—this study aims to investigate whether these cytoarchitecturally different sub-regions have different functional connectivity to different functional brain networks.

Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a syndrome at-risk for AD, are characterized by both aberrant regional neural activity and disrupted inter-regional functional connectivity (FC).

Objective: To evaluate EEG-derived functional connectivity (FC) patterns associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

GB34 is mainly used in stroke and Parkinson's disease, which mainly activates brain response in the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the supramarginal gyrus; (2) resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and functional connectivity (FC) analysis are the most frequently used approaches; (3) estimates of efficacy and brain response to acupuncture depend on the type of sham acupuncture (SA) used for comparison.

Additional voxel based functional connectivity analyses were carried out using the supplementary motor area, cerebellum and striatum as seed regions.

Here, we study resting-state MEG data from the Human Connectome Project to assess the MEG FC fingerprinting and its relationship with several factors including amplitude- and phase-coupling functional connectivity measures, spatial leakage correction, frequency bands, and behavioral significance.

In this study, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) derived striatal parcels were compared based on their homologous cortico-striatal connectivity.

Neuroimaging studies have indicated that the altered functional connectivity (FC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) might be potential pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Depression is a prime example, and the functional connectivity (FC) between the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (SGC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is has been identified as a key target to modulate (Goldapple et al.

A significant correlation was found between working memory performance with disruption of functional connectivity in AR animals.

Although both typical and atypical functional connectivity patterns of the hippocampus have been well-studied in adults, the developmental trajectory of hippocampal connectivity during infancy and how it relates to later working memory performance remains to be elucidated.

In this paper, a graph convolutional network (GCN) based on functional connectivity was proposed to decode the motor intention of four fine parts movements (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand).

Second, both conventional and high-order functional connectivity (FC) networks were constructed using resting-state fMRI and the network topological architectures were learned with graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to predict such A{beta}-PET phenotypes.

The purpose of this study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to: 1) compare functional connectivity between limbic and accessory sensory networks in TN patients versus healthy controls; and 2) determine if pre-operative variability in these networks can distinguish responders and non-responders to surgery for TN.

The aim of the present study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate functional connectivity within frontal-striatal circuits that are essential for goal-directed and habitual activity in children with primary complex motor stereotypies.

Differences in activation and functional connectivity were obtained for objects and letters in different areas of the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus.

In comparison with TD adolescents, adolescents with ASD showed less activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and weaker functional connectivity between the left IFG and left MTG.

We mapped the multivariate associations that intrinsic functional connectivity manifests with pediatric symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as common, impactful, co-occurring problems.

We applied a novel Covariate Assisted Principal (CAP) whole-matrix regression approach to identify resting-state functional connectivity (FC) brain networks associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and response control.

Here we sought to examine the relationship between baseline resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a priori regions and networks, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) pain intensity following a single session of eccentric exercise.

Accordingly, we tested whether behavioral performance under distress is associated with baseline resting-state ACC functional connectivity (FC).

In parallel, the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex changes, with less inhibition from the first to the second, expressing the existence of neuroplastic changes within the cerebellum after mental practice.

Furthermore, SCI subjects had stronger functional connectivity between the superior parietal lobule and the left primary motor cortex (P <.

Exercise has emerged as an intervention that may mitigate age-related resting state functional connectivity and sensorimotor decline.

The present longitudinal study investigated the effects of early childhood socioeconomic status on language-related resting-state functional connectivity and reading outcome in adolescence.

Purpose: To investigate the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) and static parameters of graph theory in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and the associations of DFC and topological properties with cognitive performance.

IntroductionExploring functional connectivity (FC) alterations is important for the understanding of underlying neuronal network alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

While there is evidence for aberrant functional connectivity between hubs of the central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), and the default mode network (DMN) in PTSD, little is known regarding sex-specificity of this connectivity.

Fourteen brain regions from five brain networks/systems (central executive network, default mode network, salience network, limbic system, cerebellum) based on their vital role in MDD neuropathology were selected as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analyses with the voxels in the whole brain.