Introduction to Fuel Dilution

In this paper, the engine oil soot content and fuel dilution is analysed under real engine conditions.

On the whole, different effects of simplified non-equilibrium plasma discharging, fuel dilution, and oxygen concentration of the preheated oxidizer on MILD combustion regimes are studied.

Moreover, the effect of the fuel dilution on the ignition temperature is stronger than that of the oxygen concentration at the fuel concentration of 9%, resulting in that the conversion ratios of CH3 to CH3O, CH2O, CH2(S), and CO are almost same for 30% and 40% oxygen concentrations.

The types of contaminants were water, fuel dilution, ethylene glycol and oxidation.

Impurity accumulation in the core plasma leads to fuel dilution and higher radiative losses that can lead to loss of the H-mode, to thermal collapse of the plasma, and eventually even to a disruption in tokamaks.

Results show that, in the case of diesel fuel, hydrogen delays autoignition and reduces the combustion rate, the latter caused by a higher fuel dilution with air.

All syngas blends show a stable combustion process, even in conditions of high air and fuel dilution.

PCCs demonstrate high potentials in many electrochemical applications because of its geometrical advantage that enables pure hydrogen supply or production in fuel cell or steam electrolysis operations, respectively, and can therefore prevent fuel dilution and reduce degradation problems in Ni-based anodes.

Many questions remain about the effects of fuel dilution, oxygen-enhanced combustion, and inverse flames.

The structure of methane/air tubular diffusion flames with 65 % fuel dilution by either CO2 or N2 is numerically investigated as a function of pressure.

However, high temperature flames with reduced or zero soot are achieved by increasing Zst via the combination of fuel dilution and oxygen enrichment.

The flame-retardancy modes of action in the gas phase (fuel dilution and flame inhibition) and in the condensed phase (charring, protective layer formation) are discussed in detail, as is the role of combining the ingredients.

Results indicate that a low-level fuel dilution up to 5 percent has tendency toward expansion of MILD region, but higher degrees fuel dilution within the range of 5–20 percent results in a reduction of MILD combustion regions due to domination of physical effect contribution of addition of water to ethanol fuel compared to its chemical effect.

It has been reported that reduction of NOx emission by CO2 fuel dilution reached a level of up to 45% in atmospheric conditions and 30% at elevated pressure, decreasing with a drop in the equivalence ratio.

The conventional data collected from the used oils revealed the progress of additives (antioxidants, base reserve, ZDDP), oil degradation products (oxidation, nitration, sulfation, acids), and contaminations (water, soot, wear, fuel dilution).

A nonnegligible low level of lithium is found upstream at the outer midplane, typically in the range of 3% to 20%, that represents a potential core DT fuel dilution problem.