Introduction to Fluorescence Assays

Docking analysis predicted interaction of EhSUMO with EhADH, and immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays revealed that the EhADH-EhSUMO association increased during phagocytosis, whereas the EhVps32-EhSUMO interaction appeared stronger since basal conditions.

Using confocal immunofluorescence assays, CCT3 colocalized with HPV PsVs at early times after infection, with L2 being required for this to occur.

Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays revealed obviously reduced levels of CFAP47 in spermatozoa from all three men harboring deleterious missense variants of CFAP47.

We performed cellular fraction and immunofluorescence assays, and confirmed that PD-L1 was highly distributed in the cell membrane, and we also found a considerable amount of PD-L1 located in cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, and chromatin-bound nuclear extract (Fig.

Results Five IDEs of the HN were screened and further verified by indirect immunofluorescence assays, dot blots and Western blots with NDV- and IDEs-specific antisera.

METHODS We performed immunofluorescence assays to investigate the role of integrin receptors expressed in the microglia in ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis.

Furthermore, immunofluorescence assays showed a D2R-like protein in the brain of functional D2R knockout mice.

Our co-immunofluorescence assays demonstrate that Golgi markers are co-localized with the perinuclear region, indicating that FLT3-ITD mainly localizes to the Golgi region in AML cells.

After each treatment, the immune profiles and functional examinations were assessed in tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunofluorescence assays.

Immunofluorescence assays for histone citrullination and western analyses for histone clipping were performed.

In addition, co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown and immunofluorescence assays were performed to investigate the co-localization of STX2 with other proteins, and to help clarify the mechanisms underlying STX2-mediated functions on trophoblasts.

Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine protein expression.

Hub proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence assays, and Western blotting.

The regulation of microglia polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression was assessed by immunofluorescence assays and ELISA.

Protein levels of genes were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence assays.

Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to investigate the effects of different concentrations of glutamate on neuronal activity; RT-PCR assay was used to investigate PINK1 transcription level following glutamate excitotoxicity; Western-blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate PINK1 translation level after glutamate injury.

To detect ARHGAP30 localization in cells, immunofluorescence assays was conducted.

The associations among proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays.

EdU staining, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence assays were employed for measuring cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy.

We found that EGCG inhibited PEDV infection in a dose-dependent manner 24 h after the infection commenced using western blotting, plaque formation assays, immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR).

Quantitative immunofluorescence assays indicated that the coating efficiencies of extracellular matrix proteins (e.

The related molecular mechanisms were examined by performing luciferase reporter, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays.

on genus level, while the EDTA plasma samples were analyzed using Schistosoma-specific IgG and IgM commercial ELISA and immunofluorescence assays.

Microarray paraffin blocks from 70 samples of ADC (N=33), SqCC (N=24), and LCC (N=13) were used to create PD-L1 multiplex immunofluorescence assays with a Cell Signaling E1L3N clone.

All samples were tested with two IgM/IgG immunofluorescence assays (IFA) from BNITM, the CCHFV Mosaic 2 IgG and IgM indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIFT) from EUROIMMUN, two BlackBox ELISAs for the detection of CCHFV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies (BNITM), two Anti-CCHFV ELISAs IgM and IgG from EUROIMMUN using recombinant structural proteins of CCHFV antigens, and two ELISAs from Vector-Best (IgM: μ-capture ELISA, IgG: indirect ELISA using immobilized CCHFV antigen).

Immunofluorescence assays was performed to measure the protein expression in astrocytes.

Gal-9 and PD-L1 levels in bone marrow aspirate samples were evaluated using immunofluorescence assays.

The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of SNHG8 on CRC development via various assays, including western blot, pull-down, PCR and immunofluorescence assays.

APV1 was detected in the stylets, foreguts, midguts, and hindguts of the vectors via both immunocapture RT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays.

Moreover, western blot and immunofluorescence assays were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of STIP1 in the progression of CRC.

Our co-immunofluorescence assays demonstrate that Golgi markers are co-localized with the perinuclear region, indicating that FLT3-ITD mainly localizes to the Golgi region in AML cells.

longicornis (HlLRR) was identified in Babesia microti, designated BmActin, using glutathione transferase (GST) pulldown experiments and immunofluorescence assays.

Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were used to measure renal expression of complement-related proteins and TGFβ1.

We present a combined experimental/computational investigation, by using circular dichroism in aqueous solutions, cellular immunofluorescence assays and molecular dynamics simulations, that identifies the crucial role of the stability of G4s to oxidative lesions, related also to their biological role as inhibitors of telomerase, an enzyme overexpressed in most cancers associated to oxidative stress.

Biochemical and immunofluorescence assays indicated that SlBES1 inhibited PMEU1-related pectin de-methylesterification.

To determine the closure characteristics of autophagosome-like membrane structures in ESCRT mutants, a traditional protease protection assay with immunoblotting was used, accompanied by new techniques that were developed, including immunofluorescence assays, autophagosome completion assays, and the optogenetic closure assay.

Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the protein expression and the localization.

The expression and localization of MCCC2 in HCC cells were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence assays.

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was detected using TUNEL and immunofluorescence assays.

Methods By using biomass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, we identify ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16) as a key substrate of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1).

The expression levels of AhR in the olfactory bulb and temporal cortex were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence assays.

Multiple-target immunofluorescence assays and Western blotting suggest both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Immunofluorescence assays, flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and a senescence assay were employed to delineate the activity in MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line.

Inhibition of proliferation by the peptide RPS4XL was demonstrated in hypoxic PASMCs by MTT, BrdU incorporation, and immunofluorescence assays.

After in vivo transplantation, the G-ADSC-Exo group showed significantly higher laser Doppler perfusion index, better muscle structural integrity, and higher microvessel’s density than the ADSC-Exo and control groups by Masson’s staining and immunofluorescence assays.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and levels were quantified via fluorescence assays and spectrophotometry, respectively.

Further, MTT, neutral red, and fluorescence assays of fibroblasts were performed, and cell morphology visualized using bright field and fluorescence microscopy.

Western blotting, Golgi staining, haematoxylin/eosin staining, and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to examine pathological changes and molecular mechanisms.

After confirming the interaction between FOXP2 and FOXA2 through Co-IP and immunofluorescence assays, we showed a correlated expression of FOXP2 and FOXA2 existing in clinical breast cancer samples.

Protein and mRNA expression levels were measured via western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, respectively.

Immunofluorescence assays addressed T cells location, along with IL-4 or IL-13, within the skin.

Additionally, we used bone resorption and F-actin immunofluorescence assays to evaluate the effect of BE on osteoclast function and investigated the potential mechanisms affecting osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro.

Docking analysis predicted interaction of EhSUMO with EhADH (an ALIX family protein), and immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays revealed that the association increased during phagocytosis; whereas the EhVps32 (a protein of the ESCRT-III complex)-EhSUMO interaction appeared stronger since basal conditions.

Protein expression was assayed by western blotting; immunofluorescence assays were conducted to evaluate changes in expression levels.

To identify immune cells in tumor intraepithelial and stromal areas, we developed three multiplexed immunofluorescence assays combined with digital image analyses and machine learning algorithms, with the following markers: (1) CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO (PTPRC), and FOXP3 for T cells; (2) CD68, CD86, IRF5, MAF, and MRC1 (CD206) for macrophages; and (3) ARG1, CD14, CD15, CD33, and HLA-DR for myeloid cells.

Immunofluorescence assays of collagen type II revealed an apparent reduction in this marker in the chemical groups compared with the other groups.

Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to explore the mechanisms.

Using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays, the present study revealed that inhibition of miR-425 promoted lipophagy by mediating the autophagy process, which in turn helps to promote sorafenib resistance.

MTT assays, Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence assays, virus plaque formation assays, and qRT-PCR were used to assess the effects of favipiravir on the life cycle of PPRV and the expression of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).

The phosphorylation of proteins in MAPK and Akt signaling pathways was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays.