Introduction to Field Trials

This research method refers to Borg and Gall’s theory in ten research steps including information gathering, research planning, initial product development, initial field trials, revision of trial results, main product field testing, revision of field product test results, large-scale field trials.

This research uses Research and Development (R&D) with Borg & Gall research and development model, namely 1) Preliminary studies, 2) Initial data collection, 3) Initial product development, 4 ) Design Validation, 5) Design Revision, 6) Limited trials, 7) Initial product revisions, 8) field trials, 9) Final product revisions, 10) Final Products.

Field trials were performed at seven locations in three years (21 environments) in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates at two levels of cultivation technology (standard – A1 and intensive – A2).

Field trials were conducted with four replications according to the randomized complete block design.

So, two field trials were performed in a split-split-plot design with three replicates during two-successive winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 as the sake of studying the influence of Rhizobium inoculant, nitrogen application rates [100, 75 and 50% of nitrogen recommended dose (NRD) as starter, equivalent to 20, 15 and 10kg N fed, respectively] and cobalt supplementation (seeds soaking and foliar application as combined method) at different concentrations of cobalt (0.

Field trials was a split-plot design with three replicates.

The author researched with several stages, namely information gathering, planning, development of initial product formats, initial product trials, field trials, product revisions, and final results.

Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Content Wheel, Borg and Gall, Karakteristik Belajar The purpose of this study is to develop a "Content Wheel" Learning Media with the Borg and Gall model that has been modified by running the six stages of steps namely information gathering, planning, developing initial products, initial field trials, first revision, field trials.

The results of research on thematic teaching materials based on discovery learning are from the results of assessments carried out by media experts, material experts and students' responses during field trials.

This research produces an audiovisual learning media in form of animated videos that have been tested by media experts, material experts, and have gone through small group and field trials.

Research directions should focus on determining molecular and chemical mechanisms responsible for the biochar–microbe interaction process and fate of microbe on biochar while expressing plant growth-promoting properties, which needs to be done in laboratory and field trials.

Thus, COLMENA has identified several promising plant growth-promoting microbial (PGPM) strains due to their metabolic and genetic potentials and their beneficial effects in vivo and field trials.

The research method used was the development of Borg & Gall, namely (1) collecting information, (2) developing the initial form (in the form of a disc tool model), (3) expert validation testing, namely using 1 validation of athletic experts and one physical education learning expert, and small-scale trials using questionnaires and analysis, (4) revision of the first product design, based on the results of experts and small-scale trials (20 students), (5) field trials (48 students), (6) final product revision, (7) the final result of the modification produced through revision of field trials.

A Research and Development approach was used in this study in the following order: (1) conducting product analysis to be developed; (2) developing initial products; (3) expert validation and revision; (4) small-scale field trials and product revisions; (5) field trials and final product.

The study comprised four soil tillage methods, analysed in 12 years through field trials arranged in a randomised complete block design, with four replicates.

A pot and two years field trials were conducted on wheat crop with following treatments: control, Zn @ 3 mg kg−1, Zn @ 6 mg kg−1, Zn @ 9 mg kg−1, Compost @ 20 t ha−1, Zn-enriched compost @ 3 mg kg−1, Zn-enriched compost @ 6 mg kg−1, Zn-enriched compost @ 9 mg kg−1, Biochar @ 20 t ha−1, Zn-enriched biochar @ 3 mg kg−1, Zn-enriched biochar @ 6 mg kg−1 and Zn-enriched biochar @ 9 mg kg−1 and treatments for field trial: control, Zn @ 18 kg ha−1, Compost @ 20 t ha−1, Zn-enriched compost @ 18 kg ha−1, Biochar @ 20 t ha−1 and Zn-enriched biochar @ 18 kg ha−1.

The development procedures used include four steps: (1) conducting product planning to be developed, (2) developing initial products, (3) product validation and revision, (4) small-scale field trials and revisions.

Two field trials were set up in two years in two different plant matrices (apples, cherries) to develop a workflow to map the transformation products (TP) of three selected pre-harvest fungicides (boscalid, fluopyram, pyraclostrobin) in the fruits.

Two field trials were conducted including susceptible and multiple resistant A.

In the present study, a severe frost event hit two large-scale field trials consisting of six doubled haploid (DH) wheat populations at reproductive stage (young microspore stage) in Western Australia, leading to the identification of 30 robust frost QTL on 17 chromosomes.

Desk and laboratory studies indicate low cost, easy deployment and efficacy, all of which can be validated by future small scale field trials, a step needed before, if successful, a possible implementation at a climate-relevant scale.

26% under 75% N input in multi-year field trials.

This study dissected the genetic basis of leaf angle in three-year field trials at two sites, using a sorghum diversity panel (729 accessions).

We collected soil samples from three long-term field trials across three geographically distinct regions with multiple management treatments (e.

Robot start-ups shut down and participants in long-term field trials refused to use these robots after only weeks.

We conducted field trials of 10 biomass-type genotypes exhibiting a ‘giant’ growth habit derived from spontaneous hybridization between genetically diverse parents, and used the variety “Barnkrafft” as check.

frugiperda in an intercropping system with corn, we conducted field trials in three seasons to verify S.

Three field trials were carried out in subtropical growing conditions to determine the response of SPS (e.

Three field trials in commercial apple orchards proved that BABA was as protective against AFR as the commercial standard fungicidal mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole.

This study uses the Research and Development method, the data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative, and the instrument is in the form of a content validation assessment questionnaire, construct, initial field trials.

In the initial field trials, it averaged persentage 78% and was included in the feasible category.

Ambient temperature did not exceed 35°C in open field trials, where no phytotoxicity was observed.

In the present study, polyhouse and open field trials were conducted to estimate the pathogenicity of C.

Trials consist of an initial product trials and limited field trials.

Combination of both isolates in a gum arabic formulation increased plant height and productivity compared to untreated plants when applied as soil bioaugmentation in limited field trials at four locations in South Sulawesi.

To address this hypothesis, we assessed the grain yield stability of various barley-pea and wheat-faba bean mixtures grown in seven experimental field trials (locations) across Europe during two years with contrasting weather (2017 and 2018).

Multiple experimental field trials demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in challenging environments.

) were assessed in four replicated field trials in Bavaria and compared to an annual crop rotation (winter rye (Secale cereale L.

Tolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant controls, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes.

Multi-location supervised field trials in India were conducted with a combination pesticide formulation (iprovalicarb 5.

Supervised field trials were conducted for two consecutive years to estimate the dissipation and persistence of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam residues in chilliafter two foliar applications of Indoxa.

In this study, we completed four field trials under high natural pest pressure.

In four field trials conducted over two dormant seasons, sixteen pruning wound treatments were tested using hand-held spray applications, against five almond canker pathogens, namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum, Cytospora sorbicola, Ceratocystis destructans, and Eutypa lata.

In the two-year campaign, eight successful field trials were conducted in which chlorine was released in quantities of 5–10 tons (4540–9070 kg) through a 6-inch (0.

Successful field trials of surfactant-based Production Enhancement (PROE) technology in different shale plays including Permian Basin, Bakken and Eagle Ford indicate that specially tailored surfactant formulations can improve the unconventional well productivity during flowback and production.

Future field trials will help determine the efficacy of SAMP in controlling HLB and the ideal mode of application.

These herbicides, alone and in combination, should be evaluated for seaside petunia control and onion phytotoxicity in future field trials.

5G Broadcast is currently being tested in several field trials worldwide.

Modeling studies and several field trials have proven that the design concept can detect these formation properties at any arbitrary wellbore deviation.

Moreover, the number of notifications for confined field trials has dramatically dropped in the last decade.

Transgenics from a number of forest tree species carrying a variety of recombinant genes that code for herbicide tolerance, pest resistance, lignin modification, increased woody bio-mass, and flowering control have been produced by Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic methods, and some of them are undergoing confined field trials.

In this study looking for how much the level of teacher ability in the development of physical education As for the stages of research as follows: (1) Conduct initial identification and analysis of the needs of the object and location of research and conduct preliminary studies, and also literature studies relating to research, (2) Arranging program plans regularly, (3) Arranging instructional, books or activity evaluation tools, (4) Developing research instruments to reveal the ability of physical education teachers in developing Physical Education learning (5) Conducting small group trials to Physical Education teachers; and (6) conducting field trials on physical education teachers.

Thus, our findings provide new insights on CaHB12 gene and identify several promising cotton events for conducting field trials on water deficit tolerance and agronomic performance.

Our case study focuses on UK and Mali-based researchers planning to undertake the first field trials in Mali of gene drive mosquitos for malaria control.

Hess and its service provider are scheduled to start the first field trials of an automated fracturing system sometime in June.

To this end, a population of 950 F1 hybrids was evaluated for seed yield and six other agronomically relevant traits in commercial field trials at several locations throughout Europe.

The selected lines were propagated in the field to confirm their stability and new commercial field trials have been conducted to evaluate the performances of the selections on different rootstocks.

The method is deployable on larger field trials and other crops for effective and reliable seedling emergence estimates.

The method is deployable on larger field trials and other crops for effective and reliable seedling emergence estimates.

Phenotyping data collected from the irrigated and non-irrigated field trials revealed that up to 23% of the introgression lines (ILs) produce more grain than the parents and check cultivars.

Phenotyping data collected from the irrigated and non-irrigated field trials revealed that up to 23% of the introgression lines produce more grain than the parents and check cultivars.

This study was performed with the 20 commercially most important maize hybrids in Germany evaluated in multi-location field trials with the aim to investigate the potential to breed for high-performing maize hybrids under reduced P starter fertilizer.

Multi location field trials were conducted during the 2019/2020 dry season at Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University Dutsin-Ma (Badole) 11058`N, 80 26`E and 475m above sea level and Kugado Fadama site (110 33 N, 80 23 E and 481m above Sea level).

</p><p>In 2019, Project Vesta was established as a nonprofit, philanthropically funded effort to evaluate the technical feasibility and ecological impacts of CEWO through a dedicated research program ultimately culminating in small-scale, real-world field trials of CEWO.

We also report about two different real-world field trials, which validate our solution for long-term production use.

To investigate, two experiments, consisting of multiple small plot field trials per experiment, were conducted in Quincy, FL.

(2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic.

Five field trials were conducted over a two-year period (2018, 2019) in Ontario, Canada.

The composite inoculant developed was evaluated in five field trials performed in Brazil, including areas without and with naturalized populations of Bradyrhizobium.

This review outlines the opportunities and challenges of phenotyping approaches under controlled environments complementary to conventional field trials.

They then examine and compare the evidence of such adverse (and some potentially positive) effects of CHIs with those of conventional field trials and argue that ‘both small and large negative effects on struggling communities are likelier in field trials than in CHIs’.

Additional field trials validated the three most promising large-effect QTL, EB-1.

Two additional field trials showed that topically contaminated mosquitoes were traveling further than expected and causing mortality in sentinel cups at least as far as 80 meters from the autodissemination stations.

Recent field trials described in the literature demonstrate the real potential of wake steering on commercial wind farms, but also show that wake steering does not yet consistently lead to an increase in energy production for all inflow conditions.

Recent field trials have demonstrated that dengue incidence can be substantially reduced by introgressing strains of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquito populations.

Two independent field trials were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 lambing seasons in New Zealand, with the data from each used for ML training and independent validation, respectively.

Specifically, %INT measurements accurately distinguished between mild and severe trees in independent field trials.

Disease incidence, severity, and yield were collected from eight field trials in Iowa and Wisconsin during 2016 to 2018.

The two cultivars and the derived population were assessed for six traits in eight field trials primarily in Idaho in the USA.

This guide covers growing, harvesting, and marketing of blue elderberry in California, and is based on information from preliminary field trials; from growers, processors, and buyers; and from published conservation research.

dura regarding morphological and anatomical structures, growth performance under preliminary field trials, characteristics of agarose of cultivated biomass with biochemical (NMR) and molecular profiling (SCoT).

To this end, we will review our optimization procedure, simulations, and experimental results, including preliminary field data taken from our summer 2021 field trials.

Fire wedge F1) and their nutritional contents when grown in Zn-deficient soil were examined in both 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 field trials.

In this study, the data from the six field trials with three different planting dates at the study area was used to calibrate the model for rabi season of 2019 -2020.

Six field trials were conducted over a four-year (2017-2020) period near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to determine the efficacy of halosulfuron tankmixes applied postemergence to control broadleaf weeds in white bean.

These findings are consistent with the results of randomised and non-randomised field trials in Indonesia and northern Australia, and are supportive of the Wolbachia biocontrol method as a multivalent intervention against dengue, chikungunya and Zika.

These findings are consistent with the results of randomised and non-randomised field trials in Indonesia and northern Australia, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the Wolbachia biocontrol method as a multivalent intervention against both dengue and chikungunya.

Two greenhouse and seven field trials were performed to verify the effects of seed inoculation at sowing or leaf-spray inoculation in established pastures of Urochloa with elite strains of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Seven field trials were carried out during 2017–2019 in winter OSR crops, and comparative bioassays were performed in a growth chamber.

Further optimized field trials are needed to effectively sterilize rice paddies.

Further optimized field trials are needed to effectively sterilize rice paddies.

Preliminary studies indicate the potential of the system to increase the reach of screening programmes and clinical research field trials are under preparation.

University of Kentucky winter rye research field trials were visited in Caldwell and Logan Counties, KY in May 2018, and in Fayette County, KY in May 2019.

Comparative field trials indicated a 60% yield benefit in both cabbage and kohlrabi crops.

Comparative field trials of insectoacaricides and microbiological preparations were carried out on potatoes of the recognized variety Yantar in the Primorsky Territory in 2018 and 2019.

During field trials near McMurdo Station on a piedmont glacier at Minna Bluff in the 2019–20 austral summer, we successfully completed a ‘top-to-bottom’ operational sequence in three boreholes by (1) augering through firn, (2) creating a borehole packer seal in non-porous ice, (3) establishing fluid circulation, (4) quickly drilling a borehole in ice at penetration rates up to 1.

During field trials conducted over a pine plantation, the modified thermal sensor also outperformed the unmodified sensor in a side-by-side comparison.