Introduction to External Space

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) can cool down objects by simultaneously reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to the cold external space, which has no energy consumption.

It is found that the radiated sound of sources in external space can be obtained from results of the near-field space.

The study findings further show that these conditions encourage the elites to extend their power both within the three-tiered organisational structures (provided by RSPN) and beyond, into external spaces such as local and District Council offices and even into provincial and federal parliaments.

Moreover, considering important ecological spaces and their surroundings yields differences in the effects of protection between internal and external spaces, where this can provide a scientific basis for the categorization and zoning of China’s land.

It is established that in modern science, the issue of distinguishing the types of cultural and creative industries is debatable, based on which the author’s structure of cultural and creative industries is developed, the core of which is the creative economy, and the external space is represented by the economic, environmental and social components of sustainable development.

The design of the external spaces is always an effective measure to maintain continuous vitality.

The values of unknown parameters are determined through the matching of internal and external space–times at the hypersurface.

The general algorithm for the identification of the ionospheric precursors was formalized which also takes into account the external Space Weather factors able to generate the false alarms.

Yet while the inner voice is experienced in internal space (inside the head), external voices (one's own and those of others) are experienced in external space.

However, with the help of a family of extremely compact, horizon-less objects, named “gravastars”, whose external spacetimes are nearly identical to those of black holes, one can test the absence of event horizons: absences of additional features that arise due to the existence of the gravastar, or its surface, can be used as quantitative evidence for black holes.

Since ancient times, there was a close relationship between the human being and the external space.

It is argued that position sense by matching is concerned with the relative positions of the body and its parts, position sense by pointing gives information about position of the body and limbs in external space.

This systemic perspective, which is based on the theory of autopoiesis, proposes that the act of perceiving proprioception is decisive in the capacity of the human being to differentiate himself from an external space within which he is situated; a phenomenon that we will denominate “proprioceptive perception”.

Through a hole on the other side of the gap and through a conical output section with a half-opening angle of $$45^{\circ }$$ , the gas flows out from the engine into the external space.

The trapping of neutrinos was extensively studied for spherically symmetric extremely compact objects constructed under the simplest approximation of the uniform energy density distribution, with radius located under the photosphere of the external spacetime; in addition, uniform emissivity distribution of neutrinos was assumed in these studies.

The research aims to try to understand the characteristics of Mediterranean architecture that mix between internal and external spaces.

Special attention is paid to the concept of the modern Chinese state "One Belt , One Road", which the Chinese elite actively promotes in the external space.

Accordingly, the positions of tactile inputs are coded according to both somatotopic and spatiotopic representations, the latter one considering the position of the stimulated limbs in external space.

Overall, social and external places as spaces to restore a sense of normality and happiness were valorised more by boys than by girls, and girls were more active in internal spaces than in external spaces.

Movements can be made within the framework of the body (egocentric FR) or external space (exocentric FR).

Accessibility of different aspects of the healthcare facilities was also low, including external space (mean = 31.

However, the traditional integrated magnetics of transformer and inductor will result in high magnetic field intensity in the external space nearby the integrated magnetic component.

On their trajectories, objects often touch multiple limbs; therefore, body-environment interactions should manifest in perceptual mechanisms that reflect external space.

The body's exterior metric is calculated in a simultaneous expansion in powers of the ratio between the distance to the body and three distinct length scales: the radius of curvature of the external spacetime in which the body is inserted, the scale of spatial inhomogeneity of the curvature, and the scale of temporal variation.

As there is a motivation to reduce the number of occupants of buildings and reconsider the space arrangement at the level of corridors and internal and external spaces as well as focus on natural factors such as ventilation and insolation.

In the conditions of formation of the market of transport services, the transport and logistics system is affected by many of its subjects and objects, the uncertainty of demand for transport services, the lack of accountability of the external space factors and subjective perception of the internal environment.

And an intelligent sensing-based radiator is proposed that can realize autonomous regulation of the radiating cold plate by sensing the external space environment and the thermal load inside the spacecraft.

Spatial locations of somatosensory stimuli are coded according to somatotopic (anatomical distribution of the sensory receptors on the skin surface) and spatiotopic (position of the body parts in external space) reference frames.

The origin and evolution of this resource is in part driven by external space weathering, including the bombardment by space plasma ions.

The development of tourist infrastructure should be considered from the point of view of the following approaches: setting and achieving new goals; evolution, the complexity of the system; adaptation to conditions and changing requirements; solving problems and contradictions that arise within the system or in its interaction with the external space.

In this design, the observer is proposed to estimate the relative position and velocity of the satellite and the external space disturbance force.

In the course of the research, the building was studied to evaluate the use of passive elements that relates to passive lighting and cooling which are the main source of energy consumption such as building envelop, natural lighting, natural ventilation, Site and external spaces, building form, building orientation, wall/window shading and existing of energy source on conference centre building.

Under all four conditions, a more stable pattern occurred when the timing of the more salient tapping in each hand was simultaneous rather than alternate, regardless of relative direction in the external space or movement coupling of the homologous fingers.

The article discusses the issue of the “extended museum”, raising questions about how museums become active actors in current topical discussions on the shape of cities, what their role is in the processes of city management and how this engagement in external spaces affects the overall mission of museums.

In FTLD patients, the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, lateral fissure, cerebral longitudinal fissure, external space of the orbitofrontal cortex, and mesencephalon surrounding the cisterna were enlarged (p < 0.

This method is the right way to create a pleasant external environment in an apartment house by creating an open space and recording in an external space.

The project aimed to propose subsidies for assistive technology for qualifying and adapting the spatial accessibility of internal and external spaces in the municipal schools of Morro da Fumaça.

If such a strategy is indeed planned in external space, it should improve performance in an effector independent manner.

But crossmodal cueing disappeared again when, after an initial learning phase, participants flipped their hands, making the tactile distractors appear at different positions in external space while their somatotopic positions remained unchanged (Experiment 3).

In the external space of perception, there is a natural ecological link between the control of gaze and spatial attention, as information sampled at covertly attended locations can inform where to look next2,10,11.

With potential for exploration in the available classes and tools, we observed Auditorium, Bathrooms, Canteen and internal and external spaces to the school building.

Adequately localizing pain is crucial to protect the body against physical damage and react to the stimulus in external space having caused such damage.

Continuous arrangement of elbows is often necessary due to the limit of external space and connection length between elbows is short under the circumstance.

It has recently been shown that nociceptive stimuli can affect the perception of visual stimuli, provided that they occur close together in external space.

These cells constitute a conduit by which ligands from the external space are sensed via taste-like signaling pathways to generate outputs unique among epithelial cells: the cytokine IL-25, eicosanoids associated with allergic immunity, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

These oscillations form the virtual template of external space within the mind in which external sensory information is integrated into this pre-existing, dynamic space.

To verify the adequacy of this device, two sets of experiments have been performed in the air without external space constraints by using a cantilevered silicon rubber and polycarbonate pipes, respectively.

Participants reported which stimulus they perceived as first presented, according to either its location on the body or the position of the stimulated hand, respectively prioritizing anatomy or external space as task-relevant reference frame.

We state that with the conventional model of neutral external space and time, no such logical and conceptual homogeneity can be achieved.

Firstly, we evaluate possible differences in the use of the internal and external space of the structures.

Third, the gravitating mass remains pressurless in the external space as in the standard approach to non-relativistic astrophysical objects and meanwhile, acquires effective tension in the internal space.

In particular, we highlight the use of what we have defined as a complete active space-external space gap describing the basis splitting between the complete active space and the external part generalizing the concept of a HOMO–LUMO gap.

Since there is little attention paid to the damage caused by the vented flame, the propagation characteristics of a vented flame in an external space were studied.

External space can be internally mapped at different spatial resolutions.

Since with the creation of smart electricity grids, it is possible to access the internal network from the external spaces, it is also necessary to protect information and data against unauthorized access.

Designed and patented low-rise framework-panel building with the possibility of transformation of the internal and external space, the patent for invention No.

Serial dependence between stimuli at distant retinal locations was smaller, even when the stimuli occupied the same location in external space.

External spacecraft surfaces on the Moon are generally >100°C during daylight hours and can reach as high as 140°C at local noon.

The given model takes into account both economic indicators, and influence of internal and external space on a transport and production cycle.

in the arm) or in the external space.

Where we perceive a touch putatively depends on topographic maps that code the touch's location on the skin [1] as well as its position in external space [2-5].

It also offers a philosophy of spatial development, which is interpreted as the development of the object, including its qualitative transformation (via either complication or simplification) of its internal and external space.

The concept considers the external space constraints e.

Based on this result, we suggest that the space-time congruency effect is based on an abstract spatial mental representation that embraces action events in the external space.

In connection with a transfer of noise and vibrations into the internal space (interior) and external space (surroundings) of a vehicle, the acoustics are regarded as a construction component part of the development of vehicles.

A large body of research has suggested that localisation of the hand in external space relies on distorted representations of the hand.

Consistently, when localizing touch, children with ASDs were less influenced than their peers by changes of the stimulated limb's location in external space [Wada et al.

In particular, the mental maps that divided Europe into Catholic and Protestant spheres influenced the construction of international alliances as well as religious discussions of luxury, infusing British culture with a fraught understanding of internal versus external spaces.

METHODS An active FEM model of a myelinated fibre coupled with external space was developed.

,The rating model is divided into four sections: location, technical specifications, external spaces and internal areas.

It is a psychic visual hallucination in which a person experienced a part or whole body in the external space.

Previous studies have demonstrated a tactile Simon effect in which stimulus codes are generated based on the stimulated hand, not on limb position in external space (the somatotopic Simon effect).

Purpose of the study : The study aims to systematize and update classifications of different types of translucent enclosures, determine their role in the formation of architecture and the provision of an interaction between the internal and external space, to identify the form-generating potential of such structures.

This research is classified under the research axis (the studies of external spaces in the urban environment according to the bioclimatic approach and geographic approach).

Aim: Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVH) are experienced as the “voices” of others (O-AVH) or self (S-AVH) in internal space/inside the head (IS-AVH) or external space (ES-AVH), and are considered to result from agency and spatial externalizations of inner speech.

According to this research, nearly 87% of the incremental changes in external spaces and ground level of the 380 housing units of the Vila Sao Pedro were devoted to give room to labor activities.

Tactile mislocalizations can depend on the timing of successive stimulations [2, 4, 5], tactile motion mechanisms [6], or processes that “remap” stimuli from skin locations to external space coordinates [7, 8, 9, 10, 11].

Goats that have an external space available are more active in socialization and show greater disposition to perform their normal, natural and complete behaviour patterns.

Their loss-of-functions resulted in disrupted development of integuments that failed to protect embryo sacs from exposure to external space due to physical restriction, and lead to female gametophytic abortion.

Design/methodology/approach: The approach associates children’s multiple layers of sensory modalities with particular attributes of the spatial environment within primary schools to determine the level of naturalness that children experience, in both internal and external spaces.

This measure not only provides support for the correlation phenomenon between internal attributes, but also fully concerns the incidental uncertainty of the external space.

A study of the spectral characteristics of the radiation of the oscillator into the external space for the 0.

,Results show that holding other conditions constant, a meeting room and an external space that can host events increase the unit resale price by approximately 7 and 16 per cent, respectively.

In the development course of ancient Chinese architectures, "harmony between heaven and man" and "combination of ritual and music" promoted the mutual coordination and integration between architecture and nature, and made the building group space form an aesthetic space of alternated virtual and real things, co-existed static and dynamic states, and compatible internal and external spaces.

This article presents an analysis of the influence of mesopic vision conditions on the reception of light impressions in external spaces.

Our contribution to the literature is twofold: 1) we show the supportive effect of creating new boundaries for constructive debate; and 2) we enrich the literature of ecology of spaces by suggesting that interactions between spaces are not restricted to external spaces, but also include embedded spaces.

The instructions prioritized either anatomy (left/right hands) or the external space (left/right hemispaces).

The article recounts the workshop that took place during the Image Education AA 2018/2019 course with the students and the aim of it was; the observation and the proposal of possible transformations of an external space.