Introduction to Encephalopathy Syndrome

Background: Herein, we report a case of cerebral hemorrhage in a 21year-old nulliparous, primi gravida woman caused by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which may be associated with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).

Seven patients had reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)/posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), two had cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), three had intrinsic coagulopathy, and one patient had endocarditis as the etiology of multifocal cSAH.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine confirmed the diagnosis of GBS and her hospital course was further complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Background Numerous case reports and case series have described brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with concurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: case report A 64-year-old woman developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) during treatment with pazopanib for uterine sarcoma.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: case report A 65-year-old woman developed Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) during treatment with tocilizumab for Giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Additionally, her previous visual abnormalities and MRI findings were suggestive of an episode of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), associated with TMA.

There were 2 grade 4 events (hypertension, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome).

Objective: There are no validated or agreed upon diagnostic clinical criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is presumed to be associated with a clinical condition termed traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES).

The patient initially achieved CR from his murine CD19 CAR-T therapy with Grade 1 cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and Grade 1 CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES).

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with fever, chills, acute kidney injury, hypotension and capillary leak syndrome and CAR-T related encephalopathy syndrome (CRE) with seizures and encephaledema occurred after CAR-T cell therapy, but symptoms disappeared with effective intensive care.

She developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acute antibody-mediated rejection, and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome during hospitalization.

Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome: case report A 66-year-old man developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) during treatment with nivolumab for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma*.

1 The authors listed ischemic stroke, transverse myelitis, seizures, acute hemorrhaghic necrotising encephalopathy (AHNE), acute disseminated encephalo-myelitis (ADEM), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), myasthenia, and sinus venous thrombosis as central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, and hyposmia/hypogeusia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, facial palsy, ophthalmoparesis, and neuropathy, as peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations of COVID-19.

Among central nervous system involvement, encephalopathy and cerebrovascular disease – especially ischemic stroke - were the most frequent, followed by encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Shortly thereafter, the patient developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and a generalized pruritic rash that was biopsied with consideration toward drug reaction versus drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), formerly called drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).

The patient’s blood pressure was high despite antihypertensive therapy, and he developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Acute cerebellitis, atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and various other toxicities: case report A 9-year-old boy developed ataxia, acute cerebellitis, respiratory failure, severe cerebellar oedema and atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) following methadone intoxication [not all outcomes stated; duration of treatment to reactions onsets not stated].

We report a 5 year old boy who presented with hypertension, heart failure and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was first described by Hinchey’s group in 1996 as a reversible vasogenic brain edema on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-neuroradiological entity with acute onset, defined as a vasogenic brain edema associated with neurotoxic impairment.

BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic disorder characterized by seizures, headache, altered mental status, and visual disturbances, and is often associated with acute hypertension.

ABSTRACT Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a condition of neurotoxicity that presents with a sudden onset of symptoms including headache, altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances.

These include endothelial pathologies like engraftment syndrome (ES), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), veno-occlusive disease of liver (VOD), capillary leak syndrome, and others which include noninfectious pulmonary complications, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), infections (bacterial/fungal/viral), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), mucositis, and graft failure.

Results: The incidences of acute graft versus host disease grade 2 to 4, veno-occlusive disease, capillary leakage syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, blood stream infection, hemorrhagic cystitis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome before day 100 were similar for both conditioning regimens; however, patients received TBI-based conditioning had significantly longer neutrophil engraftment time (17.

Moresevere presentations of COVID-19 include acute stroke of varying arterial and venous mechanisms 4 , confusion or/ and impaired consciousness 5 , Guillain-Barre syndrome 6 , meningoencephalitis 7 , hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome 8 , and acute necrotizing encephalopathy, affecting the brain stem and basal ganglia 9.

In this article, we aimed to present H1N1-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and asymmetrical involvement of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a 30-month-old male patient with clinical and radiological imaging findings.

Detailed and objective clinical and radiological characterization of patients at-risk of sporting and non-sporting repetitive concussive and subconcussive traumatic brain injury (RC/SCI) is important to our understanding of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) and CTE.

We aimed to investigate the association of EA in patients with acute brain injury (ABI): ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and subsequent development of epilepsy.

Acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, venous sinus thrombosis, seizures, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome have been described.

Patients with hematological diseases often experience cerebrovascular complications including ischemic stroke, intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage, microbleeds, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and dural sinus and cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT).

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a group of clinical syndromes typically characterized by bilateral reversible vasogenic edema of the subcortical white matter in the parieto-occipital region on neuroimaging that causes a wide variety of acute or subacute neurological symptoms, including headache, mental status alteration, seizures, and visual dysfunction.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a condition occurring  in majority of case of  hypertensive encephalopathy mainly due to vasogenic  edema in parieto occipital region in neuroimaging.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: case report A 73-year-old man developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during treatment with cyclophosphamide for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis.

Various toxicities and lack of efficacy: case report A 68-year-old man developed drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), renal failure and acute kidney injury during treatment with ipilimumab, nivolumab, binimetinib and encorafenib for stage IV metastatic melanoma.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) refers to a clinico-radiological entity with characteristic features on neuroimaging and rapid onset of nonspecific symptoms including headache, seizure, altered consciousness and visual disturbance.

The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity caused by impairment of cerebral autoregulation leading to vasogenic edema.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological disorder characterized by variable symptoms and radiological images characteristic of vasogenic parietal-occipital edema.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological disorder characterized by variable symptoms and radiological images characteristic of vasogenic parietal-occipital edema.

7%), three cases had hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (25%), two cases had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (16.

7%), three cases had hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (25%), two cases had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (16.

Results Out of 90 COVID-19 patients who were referred to neuroimaging, 78 (87%) showed CVD, in particular 65 had acute ischemic strokes (AIS), 8 had intracerebral hemorrhages, 2 subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) and 3 showed clinical and imaging findings in keeping with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES); 6 patients (7%) showed clinical and imaging findings highly suggestive of encephalitis; 3 patients (3%) showed demyelinating diseases: 1 case of MS progression, 1 case of newly diagnosed MS and 1 case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM); 2 cases (2%) acuity of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH); 1 patient (1%) with Guillain Barré syndrome.

Several authors have reported neurological manifestations such as acute venous and arterial strokes and rarely acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy by studying magnetic resonance imaging of brain parenchymal signal abnormalities in patients with COVID-19.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinicoradiological disease entity characterized by headache, seizures, altered sensorium and corticalvisual loss with characteristic MRI features of subcortical white matter hyperintensities on T2W imaging.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is also a clinical and radiological syndrome characterized by headache, seizures, altered consciousness, cortical blindness, other focal neurological signs, and a diagnostic imaging picture of brain vasogenic edema.

Optic neuropathy, acute kidney injury and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: 3 case reports In a case series, involving 2 women and a man aged 23–65 years were described, who developed optic neuropathy, acute kidney injury or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during immunosuppressant treatment with tacrolimus [time to reactions onsets and routes not stated; not all outcomes stated] Case 1: A 33-year-old woman developed optic neuropathy during immunosuppressant treatment with tacrolimus.

A computed tomography scan revealed a 5 cm tumour of the left adrenal gland compatible with pheochromocytoma The clinical course was complicated by acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible neurological syndrome characterized by headache, seizures, altered mental status, and visual abnormalities, in association with the characteristic bilateral white matter abnormalities in the posterior cerebral hemispheres.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological syndrome characterized by acute encephalopathy due to different medical conditions.

Background: Herein, we report a case of cerebral hemorrhage in a 21year-old nulliparous, primi gravida woman caused by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which may be associated with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).

Shortly thereafter, the patient developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and a generalized pruritic rash that was biopsied with consideration toward drug reaction versus drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), formerly called drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).

Objective: There are no validated or agreed upon diagnostic clinical criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

They were affected by mild sequelae of severe and unique TBI who have subsequently developed a neurodegenerative disease without a specific diagnosis, and who could meet clinical criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

The patient initially achieved CR from his murine CD19 CAR-T therapy with Grade 1 cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and Grade 1 CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES).

Grade 3 CAR T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES) occurred in 2 patients (2%).

2 as a distinctive spreading depolarization regulatory gene, and point to spreading depolarization as a potentially significant pathophysiological component of KCNQ2-linked epileptic encephalopathy syndromes.

BACKGROUND Dravet syndrome (DS) is an infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy syndrome with limited treatment options.

Introduction: The objective is to analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment of children with rescindable posterior encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) to improve the pediatrician's understanding of PRES combined with ICH in children.

Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome (RPES).