Introduction to Dopaminergic Agents

Systemic and local injections of dopaminergic agents showed that D2 receptors are preferentially involved in the expression, rather than in the acquisition, of conditioned fear.

However, much remains to be done to develop pharmacotherapies that are very efficacious because the focus has been mostly on using dopaminergic agents or opioid agonists.

Tardive dyskinesia is an iatrogenic hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by chronic exposure to antidopaminergic agents.

Gradual recovery was observed by treatment with dopaminergic agents and central anticholinergics over few weeks.

Introduction and objectives: Antipsychotics or dopamine receptor antagonists are the major components of treatment but about 10-20% of patients with schizophrenia do not benefit from treatment with antidopaminergic agents, indicating other neuronal systems may be involved in this disorder (2).

The present study explores the behavioral responses to intracerebellar microinjection of dopaminergic agents in motor and emotional memory.

Benzodiazepines, anti-Parkinson dopaminergic agents, and antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants and mirtazapine) were associated with laxative treatment in univariate and adjusted models.

We conducted this study intending to review the available literature that has compared the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) with other available treatment options like deep brain stimulation, intestinal levodopa gel, and oral dopaminergic agents.

Several treatments for PD have focused on the management of physical symptoms using dopaminergic agents.

This was a cross-sectional observational study of 150 PD individuals on dopaminergic agents.

Pharmacologic targeting of motilin receptors (such as with erythromycin) or use of dopaminergic agents (such as metoclopramide or domperidone) can be limited by potentially irreversible side effects or medication-medication interactions that can be particularly problematic post-transplant.

Because frequent delivery of dopaminergic agents via peribulbar, intravitreal, or intraperitoneal injections is not clinically viable, we sought to evaluate ocular penetration and safety of the topically applied dopaminergic prodrug etilevodopa.

Examples include a multitude of antipsychotic induced movement disorders and dyskinesia related to dopaminergic agents, like levodopa and metoclopramide.

Effective care management processes should include consideration of de-prescribing any offending agents including anticholinergics and dopaminergic agents, followed by nonpharmacological and low risk pharmacological approach.

In addition and consistent with previous findings showing that late post‐training infusions of dopaminergic agents into the hippocampus modulate the long‐term storage of aversive memories, we found that the photostimulation of dopaminergic VTA fibers in the dorsal hippocampus 11–12 hr after CPA training was enough to transform a short‐lasting long‐term memory into a long‐lasting one.

Among medications used for medical indications, the highest risk was seen in drivers prescribed neurological medications: cholinergic drugs (aOR 1·83 [1·39-2·40]), anticholinergic agents for Parkinson's disease (aOR 1·45 [1·08-1·96]), dopaminergic agents (aOR 1·20 [1·04-1·38]), and anticonvulsants (aOR 1·20 [1·14-1·26]).

The importance of tracing dopaminergic agents in the progression assessment of Parkinson's disease has boosted the demand for fast, sensitive, and real-time multi-analyte detection.

Zuranolone was generally well tolerated and improved tremor symptoms in patients with PD who were on stable doses of concurrent dopaminergic agents.

During the study, doses of dopaminergic agents in group 1 were reduced by 25-50% compared to doses before the start of the study.

Dopaminergic agents, especially non-ergoline dopamine agonists, can exacerbate visual hallucinations.