Introduction to Discontinuous Surface

In general, the stone pagoda structures with discontinuous surfaces are vulnerable to lateral forces and are severely damaged by earthquakes.

In general, the stone pagoda structures with discontinuous surfaces are vulnerable to lateral forces and are severely damaged by earthquakes.

Fractured rock masses are rich in discontinuous surfaces, such as joints and fissures, and therefore, rock slopes have complex mechanical properties and unsaturated permeability under rainfall conditions.

Atomic force Microscope (AFM) images indicate a polycrystalline structure, and reveal that the undoped CdS and doped CdS:Ag films have discontinuous surfaces with spherically grains decreased from (58.

the AFM imaging shows that the Undoped TiO2 and TiO2: Cr thin films was discontinuous surface with spherically grains decreased from (65.

In the DDSRM, the tensile cracks on the first sliding surface are set as a discontinuous surface to stop the development of these cracks.

A generalized random error characterization method is proposed mainly to evaluate the effects of random error on radiation pattern for nonsmooth parabolic reflector antennas, which are synthesized by the gore-faceted or discontinuous surface.

The pillared surface is constructed of discontinuous surface geometry which creates an open space for unencumbered bone migration.

First, a direct PMD (DPMD) method is reviewed for measuring 3D shape of specular objects having discontinuous surfaces.

Three-dimensional profilometry tends to be less effective at measuring discontinuous surfaces.

For workpieces with discontinuous surface characteristics such as shafts with keyways, obtaining continuous and valid measurement data is essential for assessing machining quality.

Firstly, a high-speed 3D shape measurement system is adopted using our recently proposed robust and efficient Gray-coded coding strategy, which can accurately reconstruct full-field shape of discontinuous surfaces with rich texture information.

The spatio-temporal heterogeneity in fluvial facies makes stratigraphic correlation challenging and is further complicated by discontinuous surfaces caused by basin floor tilting.

In addition, physical properties have deteriorated owing to the increase of discontinuous surfaces as joints, cracks and scalings, and the coverage of algae and lichen is also high.

Since the cutter-workpiece engagement mode has a significant impact on the generation of tool marks, current models could be inaccurate or invalid when dealing with workpieces with discontinuous surfaces.

Moreover, the proposed method can measure discontinuous surfaces.

Direct PMD (DPMD) can directly establish the relationship between phase and depth data without gradient integration process, so it can be used for 3D shape measurement of specular objects having discontinuous surfaces.

Whilst conventional optical systems depend on a set of homogeneous media bounded by discontinuous surfaces, such arbitrary GRIN media introduce the scope for a class of continuous optical systems where the majority of optical work is performed by GRIN media.

This is due to the salient features of the method: 1) it can be incorporated into any conventional finite element software; 2) has a scalar damage variable is used to represent the discontinuous surface implicitly and 3) the crack initiation and subsequent propagation and branching are treated with less complexity.

Effective prediction of surface variation is of great helpf for developing and controlling machining process to maintain surface quality during face milling of large-scale component with discontinuous surface.

The discontinuous surface moves with a constant speed.

In this paper, the mechanism of discontinuous surface deformation and surface cracking due to coal mining under thick and hard conglomerate in the Huafeng coal mine was studied using a simulation test on similar materials.

Due to the procedure of slope integration, complicated specular components having discontinuous surfaces cannot be measured by the existing PMD methods.

The multi-frequency temporal phase unwrapping (MF-TPU) method, as a classical phase unwrapping algorithm for fringe projection techniques, has the ability to eliminate the phase ambiguities even while measuring spatially isolated scenes or the objects with discontinuous surfaces.

The stability of rock slope is often controlled by the existing discontinuous surfaces, such as discrete fractures, which are ubiquitously distributing in a geological medium.

The aim of this paper is to define a model for the management of discontinuous surface exploitation systems.

The results show that when there are two discontinuous surfaces in the waveguide device, scattering and linear superposition will occur every time the electromagnetic wave propagates to the discontinuous surface.

Then, several assumptions ensuring every solution of the separated state-dependent impulsive neural networks intersects each of the discontinuous surface exactly once are proposed.

Possibilities to deal with anisotropic and discontinuous surface properties with large jumps are also introduced, and a few practical applications are presented.