Introduction to Crossover Mechanism

Mechanistic studies suggest that the γ-azidation of benzohydrazides 3 goes through 1,5-HAT followed by a Cu-mediated azido transfer cascade, while the oxidative δ-trifluoromethylation of 3 proceeds via, after 1,5-HAT process, a radical-polar crossover mechanism.

Three improvements to the genetic algorithm are proposed in this work for better and faster optimization in the dividing phase of WNP: preliminary hydraulic analysis which reduces the number of decision variables; modifications to the crossover mechanism to protect the superior individuals in the later stage; and boundary pipe grouping and mutation based on the pipe importance.

The detailed simulation results clearly elucidate water crossover behaviors at different stages of charging and discharging, and further reveal the individual contributions of water crossover mechanisms to the overall electrolyte imbalance between the negative and positive sides of the VRFB system.

Interestingly, provided that the rational design of the polymorphs can be controlled, the crystallization of these polymorphs could open up perspectives as it allows dissimilar spin crossover mechanisms to be chosen when starting from the same molecule.

Finally, we propose a spin-crossover mechanism based on mechanical strain, which does not require a switch between isomeric structures.

In the study, the authors also examined the underlying indirect crossover mechanism of leader’s (follower’s) work passion via personal identification – the process by which individuals (supervisors and subordinates) realize cognitive overlap between the self and other over time in a relationship.

The suggested NHBA algorithm modifies the local search manner by a monotone random filling model based on extreme (MRFME) and improves the population-diversity by mutation and crossover mechanisms.

In order to investigate these concepts, experiments are carried out in a custom-built laboratory electrolyzer under industrially relevant conditions, which allow an evaluation of the influence of various process parameters and the quantification of the prevailing crossover mechanisms.

A novel GA is designed to solve our QoS multicast model by introducing a new crossover mechanism called leaf crossover (LC), which outperforms the existing crossover mechanisms in requiring neither global network link information, additional encoding/decoding nor repair procedures.

The proposed mechanism for the Fe(II)-catalyzed reactions involves the synergic combination with an effective Fe+2/Fe+3 redox system and a radical polar crossover mechanism featuring an unprecedented capture of the reactive N-acyliminium in the case of vinyl pyrrolidinone and vinyl oxazolidinone.

A radical-polar crossover mechanism was proposed, in which sequential SET, radical combination, HF elimination, electrocyclization, and aromatization are involved.

Firstly, to enhance the diversity of population, a new crossover mechanism is constructed.