Introduction to Criminal Punishment

The institution of criminal punishment is a part of the statelegal mechanism of coercive influence on the population to stimulate lawabiding behavior and prevent law violation.

Philosophers of criminal punishment disagree about whether infliction of punishment for negligence can be morally justified.

Imprisonment is the most commonly used criminal punishment in the world.

Improvement of juvenile justice presupposes active and priority application of alternative measures to criminal punishment.

We claim that the OECD/FCPA paradigm hardly reconciles criminal punishment needs in Latin American countries.

Methods: the analysis method allowed for characterization of specific features of assigning criminal punishment in the form of correctional labor and revealing primary problems in this area.

Examining a total of 62 interviews with men and women in Scotland with long careers of (progression through) criminal punishment, it uses to the concept of belonging as a lens to interpret their experiences.

The article examines the characteristics of applying criminal punishment to juveniles after the accession of the Kazakh khanates to the Russian Empire in the XVIIIXIX centuries.

In particular, using insights from jurisprudence, I show that the use of recidivism risk assessment algorithms (1) presupposes legal formalism and (2) blurs the distinction between liability assessment and sentencing, which distorts how the domain of criminal punishment is conceived and provides a distinctive avenue for values to enter the legal process.

The purpose of the scientific article is to show the statement of the fundamental world problem about the meaning of criminal punishment by the outstanding Russian writer L.

Key words: criminal punishment, penal legislation, criminal legislation, criminal procedure legislation, goals and objectives of penal legislation, correction of convicts, legal technique, legal structure.

The conclusion is made about the original nature of the substantive regulation applied in the normative system of execution of criminal punishments.

It highlights the fact that some features of #MeToo (blaming and sanctioning wrongdoers) resemble those of criminal punishment and thus require careful justification.

It is also necessary to determine the body executing criminal punishment and establish various measures when such a disease is detected in a convicted person already in a correctional institution.

This article aims to analyze the theories about the purposes of criminal punishment, identifying the philosophical construction of absolutist theories, especially Kant and Hegel, as well as the relativistic theories of general prevention and special prevention, negative and positive.

The article is devoted to a step-by-step study aimed at reproducing the chain of historical events, peculiarities of the origin and primary legislative consolidation of the processes of correction and resocialization in the system of execution of criminal punishments on the territory of Ukraine.

Nurses should proactively work to handle the related legal risks and avoid the unpleasant consequences of civil liability in the realms of compensation, criminal punishment for negligent injury and homicide, and administrative disciplinary action.

The article focuses on the main criminal justice institutions such as release from liability and criminal punishment, cases that remove criminal liability or the consequences of the conviction aimed at achieving the principle of humanism, but also making the perpetrator to adopt cooperative conduct with law enforcement bodies in the justice process.

Nevertheless, the content of almost all theoretical constructions associated with criminal and legal measures, criminal punishment and criminal liability depends on its solution.

In this way, an attempt is made to approximate the decimonic punitive logics inherent in an area as particular as criminal punishment to disrespectful acts with the deceased.

As socio-economic inequality and criminal punishment are both multi-faceted concepts, several indicators are used for each.

The study pays special attention to military criminal legislation as a special criminal legal institution and a set of special rules and provisions that allows differentiating and individualizing criminal responsibility and criminal punishment of servicemen, taking into account the specifics of their legal status and the tasks they perform in the conditions of military service.

Consideration has been given to the purpose of criminal punishment under Ukrainian criminal law and the real practical possibilities of achieving this aim have been analysed.

And while those systems are capable of great carnage en route, the endgame is, ultimately, criminal punishment.

The normative regulation of the duty of convicts to reform is important for the effective achievement of the goals of criminal punishment and penal legislation; it defines the fundamental basis for the development of penal policy.

The article considers the hypothesis that a judicial error can significantly reduce the likelihood of achieving the goals of criminal punishment.

It is emphasized that, from the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the government of the USSR in a certain way formulates the main, conceptual doctrine in the field of management and combating state crime, in connection with which a number of provisions of the criminal legislation were radically transformed, where the main changes were mostly concentrated to increase the role of the repressive component of criminal punishment, and this circumstance was even more pronounced in areas of active hostilities.

This chapter studies the way criminal punishment has been presented visually over time, starting with the last public hanging in the United States, then examining the way contemporary executions are visualized, and concluding with a discussion of the challenges journalists face in covering the prison system.

Examples of the actions of the parties (both the prosecution and the defense) that significantly affect this stage and even determine it, as well as the final court document, including in terms of criminal punishment, are given.

This research used a qualitative research method, with juridical approach related to the imposition of a sentence for the perpetrator that is in the form of criminal punishment, which is lighter than prosecutor’s demand.

Projections that built to reduce it are the concept of individualization in criminal punishment, diversion and mediation program, subsidiarity of sentencing model to prioritize ultimum remedium, extramural treatment as the progressive treatment for prisoners and regulatory synchronization on criminal regulations.

Despite a centuries-old debate among scientists from different countries, the question about the purposes of criminal punishment remains relevant.

Parole board decision making has changed dramatically over the last century, mirroring broader trends in criminal punishment.

This Article focuses on the exceptional mildness of criminal punishments for alleged traitors in the wake of the American Revolution.

The aim is to show that those phenomena which in the modern world are called extremism and terrorism and are subject to criminal punishment were perceived in exactly the opposite way in the mental eras of paganism and monotheism.

The legal consequence of convicting a person for a crime and criminal punishment is a criminal record.

Moreover, it also examines how international human rights law has contributed to limiting flogging as a form of criminal punishment.

The article provides a general overview of such legal aspects as exemption from administrative responsibility and criminal punishment.

There also seems to be something of a political consensus against the criminal punishment of pregnancy.

It is noted that it is important here to correctly formulate the essence and content of criminal punishment, through which there is a real restriction of natural human rights.

In conclusion it was said that proper organization and promp-person implementation of security measures, administrative-procedural actions will reduce flow to correctional facilities of prohibited items and substances and, consequently, improved relations, developing in the process of execution of criminal punishment in form of imprisonment.

This includes discussion of how plea bargaining may circumvent the goals of criminal punishment.

The need to introduce humane approaches and respect for human dignity in other special standards, which relate specifically to the sphere of the execution of criminal punishments, was noted.

Antypenko’s opinion, the aim of the criminal punishment for individuals generating criminal activities of a state and holding the certain private will is first of all to eliminate the instruments of the state apparatus utilization of which on the one hand, creates conditions for criminal actions of a state for the benefit of these individuals and on the other hand, allows readdressing of such actions to the nation (to the society).

The purpose of the research was to clarify the place and role of life imprisonment in the current system of criminal punishment based on the analysis of doctrinal approaches, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the European Court of Human Rights, and statistical data.

Philosophers of criminal punishment widely agree that criminal punishment should be “proportional” to the “seriousness” of the offense.

The methodological basis is a longitudinal study of persons released from criminal punishment using compulsory measures of educational influence, the article analyzes the peculiarities of juvenile delinquency of a special category.

It will focus on those processes and mechanisms through which social inequality is transmitted into unequal criminal punishment, and how criminal punishment reproduces inequality.

One-way society attempts to eliminate violence is through criminal punishment.

In particular there is no principle of «inevitability of criminal liability» as a mandatory punish-ability of any crime, the postulates of «invariability of the criminal legal basis» of responsibility, of «social justice» of criminal punishment.

Additionally, the perception of the essence of penitentiary policy as a direction of development of scientific thought in the field of execution and serving of criminal punishments is analyzed.

A proposal was made on the need to move to organizing the work of Russian law enforcement agencies on new principles: preemptive and prevention of hybrid wars instead of merely identifying their consequences and fragmentary application of criminal punishment for actions that are insignificant in comparison to the scale and damage caused by a hybrid war.

The criminal punishment system plays a critical role in the production of race, gender, and sexuality in the United States.

Given disproportionate policing and incarceration of racialized residents nationally, the criminal punishment system may explain a large proportion of racial COVID-19 disparities noted across the United States.

In addition to preventive goals, victims’ interests deserve a more prominent role in arguments for why criminal punishment is necessary.

The article considers the problems of implementation of criminal punishment in form of restraint of freedom in modern conditions.

In order to establish the basis of a fair criminal punishment, H.

The article analyzes the criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period in terms of its application to juveniles.

The purpose of the scientific article is to show the statement of the fundamental world problem about the meaning of criminal punishment by the outstanding Russian writer L.

He believes that the social mechanisms of praise and blame (rather than the machinery of criminal punishment) will more effectively nurture tolerant dispositions and just communities.

This circuit endures, abetting the criminal punishment system and the weaponisation of ‘women’s safety’ by the various border regimes of the right.

In practice, therefore, it has not been fully able to play its role in protecting freedom and has constantly wavered over the determination of criminal punishments.

1 Here, I am interested in its relationship with criminal responsibility and criminal punishment.

ABSTRACT The justice of criminal punishment depends in part on the possibility of holding people accountable for their choices.

While 25,1% of the participants think that criminal punishments are efficient for deterrence; 67,4% of the participants believe that abatement due to effective repentance decreases the effectiveness of deterrence.

ABSTRACT Psychiatrists who recommend a Hybrid Order (Section 45A) as a disposal option at the point of sentencing accept that the convicted individual, as well as being mentally disordered and in need of treatment, is also culpable and deserving of criminal punishment.

This study investigated the effect of cost-benefit salience on simulated criminal punishment judgments.

The countermeasures include: forming a special trial mode for juvenile crime cases, determining the scope of criminal punishment for juvenile criminal cases, introducing a criminal reconciliation system for minors, and gradually establishing special juvenile crime legislation and judicial prevention rule of law system.

This Article argues that although collateral consequences occur outside of the formal boundaries of the criminal system, they align with utilitarian, public-safety-based rationales for criminal punishment, such as incapacitation.

Statutory provisions targeting environmental pollution rely on criminal punishment, administrative measures and also compensatory damages awarded to victims in the event of breaches of specified statutory duties.

First, the rehabilitation assumption that includes—for coercive neurocorrectives to work as an alternative to incarceration—that rehabilitation is the “only goal” of criminal punishment is criticized.

They do not precisely link the severe aspects of criminal punishment with a requirement for the type of institutions that can create criminal law.

This paper will analyze the cases of termination of employment relations in the civil service due to criminal punishment, the types of criminal punishment which constitute a cause for dismissal, the application of conditions and criteria and the way public institutions interpret the legal acts in force, with the aim of addressing the problems of law enforcement in practice and giving concrete recommendations on issues to be ascertained.

Only in the middle of the twentieth century Russian legislation ensured the distinction between the categories of “criminal punishment” and “criminal liability”, although the official definition has not yet been formulated.

ABSTRACT The First Step Act, a legislative endeavor half nearly a decade in the making and advocated for by President Trump, represented the most significant easing of federal criminal punishment to date.

In this vein, this paper intends to examine the ways that the issue on North Korean human rights is handled both in international law (especially by the UN, including criminal punishment) and domestic law (especially by the US, including human rights sanctions), and then identify some policy implications for addressing the human rights issue in the context of the Korean peninsula peace talks.

It is a surprising homonym to judicial pronouncement of criminal punishment, despite the emotive association with censorship and book burning.

Among the questions addressed are: What is the purpose of corporate criminal law? How are sanctions to be determined? When should firms versus individuals be held criminally liable for corporate wrongdoing? When should the criminal law be used instead of regulatory agency actions? Regardless of the rationale, criminal punishment of corporations for the wrongdoing of its owners, managers, and/or employees, has taken on an important role in the U.

The Criminal Code of 1903 was marked by a significant difference from the Criminal Code of 1845, expressed as a significant reduction in the number of criminal acts, the general humanization of criminal punishment, and in a more progressive approach to the design of criminal law.

According to empirical desert theory, good utilitarian grounds exist for distributing criminal punishment pursuant to the (retributive) intuitions of the lay community on criminal liability.

Recovery of victims' rights must be as complete as possible and must cover all aspect losses suffered by victims as a basic principle in the provision of restitution Law Number 21 of 2007 on human trafficking gives restitution’s punishment for Trafficker, there are some problems faced in the implementation restitution, One of the problems is restitution can be replaced with other criminal punishment  “confinement”.

Cyber defamation raises the issue of criminal punishment of third-party Internet service providers as well as who have committed the crime themselves.

Although such a link would seem to be an essential aspect of any morally acceptable theory of criminal punishment, it is the case that in ancient times, collective responsibility was a common practice, as exemplified by retaliation of victims and their sympathizers against an offender’s family or community.

The peace agreement recently concluded between the Government of Colombia and the farc-ep not only marked a milestone in the history of Colombia and peace making; it also introduced an unprecedented penal measure: negotiated criminal punishment.

This fact justifies an attempt to investigate whether the legal system protects these persons from the negative influence of a conviction, and from the effect of the use of instruments of criminal punishment on their family and property, and whether the consequences of a conviction for third persons should be taken into account by the court in the process of adjudication regarding the response to a crime.

This concept is based on the idea that a crime is essentially a form of exchange, albeit involuntary, and criminal punishment is the price of that exchange, which an offender, once apprehended and convicted, must pay.

This Article argues that the social impact of vandalism must be factored into the expected criminal punishment for this offense.

The article analyzes the conceptual aspects of the development of the institution of criminal punishment established by the Criminal code of the RSFSR in 1960 as a criminal act of the Soviet state, which formulated a new content of the institution of punishment based on the principles of Soviet law.

The inevitability of criminal punishment rather than its severity should be recognized as a core for the medical negligence prevention concept.

In Indonesia, our Juvenile system gave some of the alternative criminal punishment beside imprisonment.

In the next chapters I will insist on the concept of dangerousness and also observe the very little difference between the extended confiscation and a criminal punishment, because here we do not talk about the danger of some goods (as in the “classic” or the “common” confiscation, like drugs, guns), but about the danger of the detainer of those things.

The authors have emphasized the connection of the effectiveness of the process of a person’s correction during the execution of a criminal punishment with the observance of the principle of certainty of punishment.

Future work should address the capacity of more proactively organized public health programs to expand coverage to previously incarcerated populations - including un-prescribed opioid users - and thereby reduce their health risks and vulnerability to repeated exposure to law enforcement surveillance and criminal punishment.

Normative economic theory, which began with writings by Beccaria and Bentham, aims to recommend an ideal criminal punishment scheme.

The second one is as particular function to protect legal interests from crime by giving criminal punishment as sanctions for the perpetrators.

At this point the objective of this work is to illustrate the evolution of the death penalty as an instrument of political pressure and criminal punishment and the subsequent evolution of human instruments that aims not only to put limits on the application of capital punishment but also to the abolition of this punishment.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), Henry Bergh, saw criminal punishment as the lynchpin of the protection of animals.

If it is conducted out of that category, it has been defined as a crime subject to criminal punishment.