Introduction to Contemporary Trials

Taken together, these 2 contemporary trials provide proof of principle that focused cytokine inhibition, not broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory therapy, is likely to be crucial for atheroprotection.

Earlier clinical trials involving PAH-specific therapies evaluated improvements in 6-minute walk time as a primary improvement whereas contemporary trials have been larger and focused on morbidity and mortality reductions.

In this narrative Review, we reappraise the role of aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, contextualising data from historical and contemporary trials.

Conclusions A wide range of outcome domains and outcome assessment tools are in common use in contemporary trials of patients undergoing elective surgery.

The current study is unique because of the inclusion of more contemporary trials with longer follow-up durations and studies in which the use of stents ranged from 72% to 97% in the PCI arm.

Our findings suggest that when compared with historical histology-only classified data, in national registry, as well as, institutional databases, there is the potential for false-positive results in contemporary trials of molecularly classified diffuse gliomas, which could contribute to a seemingly positive phase II trial (based on historical comparison) failing at the phase III stage.

5,6 In contemporary trials of OACs for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, the annual risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding is ≈1% to 2%.

To better assess survival in the medical management arm, and in the absence of contemporary trials randomizing patients to LVAD and medical management, estimates from the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) had to be used.

RECENT FINDINGS In the setting of primary prevention, several contemporary trials have shown a lack of net clinical benefit with use of aspirin across different patient groups, including those with diabetes mellitus, older age or high estimated cardiac risk.

Conclusions The outcomes of living kidney donation reported in contemporary trials and observational studies are numerous, heterogeneous, and often focused on short-term surgical complications.

This article reviews contemporary trials of maintenance therapy and novel drug development.

Several contemporary trials have shown promise in targeting low voltage areas as the substrate for AF ablation; however, the results have been mixed.

Contemporary trials and guidelines (Table 1) outline clinical criteria for defining CS and are limited by lack of uniformity.