Introduction to Contact Surface

The HSS model is used to describe the constitutive structure of the soil, and by improving the Goodman element to describe the contact surface of the model, the finite element model of the joint response of the comprehensive pipe gallery is constructed.

To accurately simulate the contact behavior with gaps in the actual process, the contact algorithm is used to construct the connection between the support and the rudder’s contact surface based on the finite element model, and the mechanical relationship between the two is analyzed.

The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the enhanced plate–fluid contact surface was computed from the Robin boundary condition.

The objective of the numerical calculations was to determine the heat transfer coefficient on the wall-fluid contact surface from the Robin boundary condition.

Based on the contact surface of the chip and the emitter molybdenum plate, the submodel technology is used to investigate the effects of several factors on the thermal contact resistance, including real contact areas, the height of contact joint, and the position of the third-level submodel.

A plurality of contact surfaces is formed between each material layer inside the device to form a thermal contact resistance.

Non-smooth dry friction between the contact surfaces of rotor/stator rubbing systems can induce self-excited dry friction backward whirl, which may exhibit various discontinuity-induced sliding bifurcations corresponding to stick-slip whirling oscillations with different local dynamical characteristics around the switching manifold.

The four-degree-of-freedom piecewise smooth rotor/stator rubbing model is said to be general because it takes into account main factors in the rotor/stator rubbing systems, including both the dynamics of the rotor and the stator as well as the dry friction and the flexibility on the contact surfaces.

coli counts (even in filtered tap water), which lead to ineffectiveness in cleaning and sanitation of food contact surfaces, including hand washing.

Enteritidis isolates were detected at a high rate from both food contact surfaces and chicken products during processing.

Aiming at an optimal reproduction of the physiological environment, electrospun wound dressings are emerging since they mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix and provide a large contact surface area, enabling exudate absorption and permeability as well as good conformability to the wound site.

Due to the large contact surface with CNS and relatively easy access, the intrathecal route of administration is attractive in extensive or global diseases such as stroke or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

The asperity contact state is determined, and if the contact occurs, the stiffness of the single asperity pair is calculated and summed as the total normal stiffness of two contact surfaces.

Fretting wear is surface damage caused by repeated slight relative slips between two contact surfaces.

The results suggested that the enhancement was successful after using the three-phase reactor by generating a high contact surface area for the droplets, which was a key factor for determining the performance.

Typically, the microorganisms get transmitted by their attachment and growth on various household and high contact surfaces such as doors, switches, currency.

The results show that non-auxetic cores could have advantages over the auxetic ones at small deformation (impact energy is equal to 10 J) thanks to the larger contact surface and higher thickness of the cellular structure.

Because twisted fibers have cracking angles and larger contact surfaces, the concrete-fiber bond is increased and the related crack widths decrease considerably.

However, the ability to detect seismic precursors and to identify their underlying causes under experimental conditions particularly in natural rock joints with rough contact surfaces has been limited.

A “template” method based on the Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is proposed for the setting up of coarse-grained models of the rough contact surfaces between different layers/components.

Previous studies reported a significant deterioration of the sliding contact surfaces of TMJ TJR prostheses.

Moreover, in cycling tribocorrosion tests, nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings reveal that passive films formed on sliding contact surface possess a strong ability of regeneration and self-repairation.

PURPOSE This study is aimed to evaluate subsidence resistance of two 3D-printed titanium ALIF interbody devices of the same size, but with different contact surface topology.

PURPOSE This study is aimed to evaluate subsidence resistance of two 3D-printed titanium cervical interbody devices of the same footprint size, but with different contact surface topology.

The CNTs increase the effective contact surface area to decrease high impedances while keeping minimal contact diameters.

In the process, an effective contact surface discretization method together with Lagrangian method are used to establish the dynamic equation of the multibody system.

The wide contact surface stems from heterojunction can accelerate the separation and transfer of photo-generated charges.

The wide contact surface between the vehicle and the ground ensures a convenient weight distribution; furthermore, the bogie acts like a filter with respect to ground irregularities, reducing the transmissibility of the oscillations.

Moreover, the original adsorbed chest lead electrode has a small contact surface with the skin, leading to less comfort and easy to fall off.

Due to their formation process associated with typical spheroidal weathering phenomena, they tend to show more or less ellipsoidal shapes prone to instability, and they often lie on small contact surfaces.

The formation of a stable foam structure leads to a significant intensification of the moisture removal operation due to the growth of the phase contact surface during transfer and exchange of thermal energy and substance, a decrease in adhesion between the drying object and the working surface of the unit and, as a result, to simplification of the separation of the dehydrated material from it and the elimination of the energy-intensive crushing operation finished products.

An equation is obtained for calculating the diameter of liquid droplets formed during the crushing of liquid flows by turbulizing packing elements, which allows us to conclude that the phase contact surface is developed due to the pulsating movement of packing elements.

Material and Methods : nanohybrid composite teeth (premolars) was sliced equally , grooved for increasing contact surface and attached to 16 discs of denture base material (8 for each group), then the discs where grouped into two groups.

The experiment revealed the nature of the mechanical stability of the embedding in relation to the increasing contact surface area.

% under the friction load with various contact surface temperatures.

Under various operational conditions, various contact surfaces can be used.

A large amount of research has been done on conforming surfaces in rock joints as well as on the contact between individual grains; however, not much exist in nonconforming contact surfaces subjected to friction, such as flat contacts between ballast particles, stone columns, or riprap; applications that involve the use of coarse gravel subjected to low vertical stresses.

The mortar method is used to discretize the contact constraints, established in an integral form on the nonconforming contact surfaces.

The accumulation of local slippage between thread contact surfaces has recently emerged as a key reason for the self-loosening of threaded fasteners subjected to transversal vibration.

Two contact pairs are defined in this finite element model: the anchor thread contact surface and the threaded contact surface created when the anchor is placed.

The subsidence maximum change caused by the tangential inclination of the particle contact surface in the bulking zone is 0.

The new granular bed filter, which adopts the moving bed continuous filtration method, has two inclined surfaces that can increase a flue gas particle contact surface and a baffle that can adjust the thickness of the filter material; thus, a high-efficiency filtration of fine dust and high performance for different environments is achieved, and the filtration characteristics of existing particulate filtration devices are improved.

If the virus enters a feed mill, it becomes widely distributed and is difficult to decontaminate from both feed contact and non-feed contact surfaces.

The locations of the swabs were categorized into four zones: 1) feed contact surface, 2) non-feed contact surface < 1 meter away from feed, 3) non-feed contact surface > 1 meter from feed, and 4) transient surfaces.

These machine elements are prone to premature failure due to increase in friction which causes the heat generation and gradual wear on rolling contact surfaces of the bearing.

The defects that appeared on rolling contact surfaces cause surface deterioration and change in the vibration and sound levels of the bearing system.

The mechanism may be that the shear strength of shear-sliding-type joints is derived from the inherent friction of the joint contact surfaces, while the shear strength of snipping-type joints is mainly dominated by the material strength of asperities.

The results show that the Forchheimer coefficients are directly related to the joint contact surface in an exponential manner, and the hydraulic aperture increases proportional to the reduced joint contact surface.

A numerical comparison made between channel and fin shows that both of them enhance the heat transfer effect by increasing the thermal contact surface, while the structural continuity as well as the irregular shape of the optimized channel may increase the manufacturing difficulty.

Improved sensor performance is obtained by enhancing the thermal contact surface between the divertor mono-block and the thermocouple carrier body through the integration of conductive collet and bush, both made of copper.

The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the enhanced plate–fluid contact surface was computed from the Robin boundary condition.

The objective of the numerical calculations was to determine the heat transfer coefficient on the wall-fluid contact surface from the Robin boundary condition.

Our double-closed wedge broken-line osteotomy has a larger cancellous bone contact surface.

For radiological evaluations, the bone contact surface of each implant was divided into 7 zones for tibial component and 2 zones for patellar component.

The sheet forming process is highly nonlinear in nature due to plastic behaviors, large deformations and frictional contact surfaces.

The sheet forming was severely nonlinear, due to plastic behavior, large deformations, and frictional contact surfaces.

Mechanical properties and biocompatibility of titanium alloy and direct and increased contact surface with bone can reduce the risk of screw loosening and fracture.

Such predictive models allow us to predict oxidative changes in minced meat under different time and temperature conditions as minced meat is particularly susceptible to oxidation through exposure to oxygen during the mincing process itself and through the increased contact surface with oxygen.

Three strains, isolated from the meat contact surfaces, showed adhesion ability and produced extracellular polymeric substances.

A total of 300 samples (different portions of meat nn = 180 and meats contact surfaces n = 120) were collected in the selected abattoirs.

The CNTs increase the effective contact surface area to decrease high impedances while keeping minimal contact diameters.

The results suggested that the enhancement was successful after using the three-phase reactor by generating a high contact surface area for the droplets, which was a key factor for determining the performance.

The influence law of contact surface roughness on friction coefficient under different contact load and friction speed is analyzed.

Then, with this model, we analyze the electrical fire risks based on temperature rise and radiation heat flux, considering the influence of four factors, contact pressure, contact surface roughness, load current and air velocity.

A graphite/polymer composite material was cut orthogonally using different machining parameters, and the machined surface roughness of the cut samples was measured by a noncontact surface profiler to obtain training samples for Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

Surface profiles of material were analyzed by a non-contact surface profiler and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Effect of various tribological parameters such as load, sliding speed and wear track diameter was evaluated on the contact surface temperature, wear loss, wear rate and coefficient of friction.

% under the friction load with various contact surface temperatures.

10 groups of specimens were subjected to accelerate corrosion by the neutral salt spray test, and the surface profile of corroded steel plates and the 3D data of corrosion depth were measured by three-dimensional non-contact surface topography instrument.

The surface characteristics of the corroded steel plates were measured by a 3D noncontact surface topography scanner, and analyzed based on surface roughness theory and fractal theory.

Based on the preparation and properties of EPUC, its constitutive relation was proposed through compression and tensile tests; then, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a 3D non-contact surface profilometer were used to study the failure morphology and micromechanisms of EPUC.

Baseline measurements of surface roughness were recorded for each group using noncontact surface profilometer.

PURPOSE This study is aimed to evaluate subsidence resistance of two 3D-printed titanium ALIF interbody devices of the same size, but with different contact surface topology.

PURPOSE This study is aimed to evaluate subsidence resistance of two 3D-printed titanium cervical interbody devices of the same footprint size, but with different contact surface topology.

As a result, the thermal stability and contact surface morphology of Ir/Ni/W/Ni/3C-SiC is greatly improved compared with Ni/SiC contact.

The Weierstrass–Mandelbrot fractal function was used to establish the copper–indium contact surface morphology with different surface characteristics.

This method regards the temperature on the nut as the temperature of the screw contact surface without considering the heat transfer distance between screw and the mounting point on the nut.

Microcracks having lengths of a few tens of micrometers were detected on the contact surface without the tribofilm after the test.

Reducing the coefficients of friction (COFs) and weakening the plastic deformation of the contact surface could significantly decrease its frictional vibrations and noise.

Convection cells could be observed in the infrared images during the second stage, and an obvious temperature gradient at the contact surface could also be seen from the images captured by TSP.

Adaptive mesh refinement is implemented to resolve the shock wave and contact surface regions accurately.

The contact surface region (Z, S), affinity (logI), and the character of interaction force (j) of the \(\alpha\)-Chy to the stationary phase of HIC (STHIC) between the intermediate (M) and native (N) states were found to be quite different as urea concentration (Curea) changes.

the geometry, resolving issues with regard to stress concentration by improving the contact surface geometry, the consideration of the friction and the optimization of its components.

Based on the predicted contact stress and relative slip on contact surfaces, the energy wear model is used to study the evolution of fretting wear depth and contact surface geometry.