Introduction to Combustible Cigarettes

Subgroup analysis confined to cotinine-verified active smokers was performed to address the association between the dual use of EC and combustible cigarettes and serum UA levels.

Perceived harm of both combustible cigarettes and E-cigarettes increased with time.

Because e-cigs have only gained popularity in the last few years, very few studies have been able to demonstrate an impact of e-cig use on harm reduction related to combustible cigarettes.

Studies reporting on central, eastern and southern Europe have mostly focused on combustible cigarettes up to now.

This increase in use frequency may be associated with greater nicotine dependence among young users, highlighting the threat of hooking a new generation on nicotine and other tobacco products, including combustible cigarettes.

For all the measured exhaled breath constituents and CFD predicted constituents, except for propylene glycol and glycerin, concentrations were less from use of ENDS products compared to combustible cigarettes.

Current evidence suggests that although e-cigarettes are perceived as less harmful and preferred over combustible cigarettes by adolescents, adolescents who try e-cigarettes are at greater risk of transitioning to combustible cigarettes.

Methods In August 2020, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in the National Opinion Research Center's AmeriSpeak Panel who reported past 6–month use of combustible cigarettes or e-cigarettes was conducted.

RESULTS Nicotine addiction messages resulted in greater health and addiction risk perceptions, relative risk messages comparing the health risks of NVPs to cigarette smoking increased the perception that NVPs are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, and a nicotine fact sheet corrected misperceptions of nicotine and NVPs.

Participants also described product attributes that were appealing about e-cigarettes, such as variety of flavours, vapour, and performing smoke ‘styles’ with friends, which differentiated the product from combustible cigarettes.

Over 90% of pharmacy staff regarded NVPs without nicotine and nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) as less harmful than combustible cigarettes (Chapter 5).

Methods: In August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally-representative sample of adults age >18 in the NORC AmeriSpeak Panel who reported past 6-month use of combustible cigarettes or e-cigarettes.

Although not risk-free, key literature reviews have acknowledged that these products release far less toxic emissions compared to combustible cigarettes [3, 4].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS For e-cigarettes to be a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes, it is likely that they must be rewarding enough for regular use, indicated by factors such as craving and dependence, important aspects of reinforcement.

Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke from combustible cigarettes may restore MCC function and former smokers have been shown to exhibit similar STTT as never smokers.

METHODS We cross classified ever and recent use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and marijuana among US high school students in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), providing 8 different groups.

Examined in eight studies, JUUL’s peak nicotine levels were half to three-quarters that of a combustible cigarette in industry-conducted studies with JUUL-naïve users, while comparable to or greater than combustible cigarettes in independent studies of experienced e-cigarette users.

While tobacco product (such as combustible cigarettes and nicotine vaping products) and cannabis use rates remain high in the general United States (U.

52) and triple users (HTPs, ECs and combustible cigarettes; aPR 1.

For example, adolescents perceived both risks and benefits from using products like e-cigarettes, and perceived greater risk from smokeless tobacco compared to combustible cigarettes.

On average, these cartridges cost four times the price of the same amount of bottled eliquid, making them more expensive in North America than the equivalent number of combustible cigarettes.

Almost certainly smoking cessation programs and switching trials with non-combustible sources of nicotine would produce significant health improvements, thus confirming what might reasonably be predicted from what is already common knowledge on chemical composition of combustible cigarettes smoke and pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases.

Although, the genotoxic and inflammatory effects of e-cigarettes are milder than those of combustible cigarettes, some of the cardiorespiratory effects of the two insults are comparable.

The relationships between multiple tobacco products, such as heated tobacco products (HTPs), electronic cigarettes (ECs), and combustible cigarettes (CCs), and suicide-related behaviors among adolescents have not been extensively researched.

Novel noncombustible tobacco products offer adult smokers (ASs) alternatives to combustible cigarettes lower on the continuum of risk; however, the abuse potential of such products has not been well studied.

Methods A system dynamics simulation model was constructed, with separate aging chains representing people in different stages of use (both of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes).

Methods In this study, 28,059 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2017) were classified into the following three groups: non-smokers, smokers (current smokers and ex-smokers of combustible cigarettes only), and e-smokers (current smokers and ex-smokers of e-cigarettes regardless of combustible cigarette use).

Main outcomes were post-cue changes in desire for combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and smoking behavior as determined by the smoking latency portion of the Smoking Lapse Paradigm after cue exposure.

Odds of CLCC initiation was also greater for those who had ever used combustible cigarettes (OR: 1.

These data suggest exclusive use of ENDS provides adult smokers seeking an alternative to combustible cigarettes with substantial reductions in HPHC exposures whilst achieving satisfying levels of nicotine delivery.

ECIGs are marketed as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes.

INTERPRETATION A targeted self-help intervention with high potential for dissemination could be efficacious in promoting smoking cessation among dual users of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

The questionnaire comprised 13 items on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CC), waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (EC), and 12 items to assess the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention.

4% nicotine [equivalent to combustible cigarettes], n=118), or no-nicotine e-cigarettes (n=116) for 6 weeks.

BACKGROUND Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) differ from combustible cigarettes given that nicotine-salt or nicotine-freebase may be used depending on the product.

Although e-cigarettes are often used to help combustible users quit or reduce smoking, some use e-cigarettes in the absence of combustible cigarettes, increasing risk for smoking combustible cigarettes.

Primary and secondary outcome measures For the definition of smoking HTPs, we identified current HTP smokers who only smoked HTPs, using five mutual categories of current smoking status (never, former, HTPs only, combustible cigarettes only and dual smokers who smoked both combustible cigarettes and HTPs).

0%) of pregnant persons use ENDS; most commonly this occurs in the form of dual use (ENDS and combustible cigarettes (CC); 75%).

RESULTS A sequential processes growth mixture model identified 4 conjoint latent classes: later, rapid e-cigarette uptake (class 1: n = 230); no use of e-cigarettes or combustible cigarettes (class 2: n = 1141); earlier, steady e-cigarette uptake (class 3: n = 265); and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes (class 4: n = 204).

We examined nicotine PK and subjective effects of JUUL System (JS) ENDS with three nicotine concentrations compared to combustible cigarettes.

Background The pervasive misperception that e-cigarettes are equally or more harmful than combustible cigarettes is a barrier to current smokers switching to e-cigarettes.

, dual use with ≥50% reduction in cigarette consumption) for combustible cigarettes can substantially reduce exposure to multiple toxins associated with cigarette smoking.

Coughing/harshness was a more common barrier to switching for African American (44%) than Latinx (9%), and for continuing cigarette use (56%) than for those who exclusively switched or dually used JUUL and combustible cigarettes (15–21%).

4%), or in comparison to combustible cigarettes (2.

Aside from the adverse effects caused by e-cigarette smoking, co-exposure risks of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes need to be delivered to the public.

, timing of ENDS use, type of ENDS products used), and limited samples sizes contributed to mixed findings on the degree to which ENDS use (alone or in combination with combustible cigarettes (CC)) impacts the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes relative to CC smoking alone.

Tobacco heating products (THPs) are a potentially less risky alternative to combustible cigarettes, and through continued use solus THPs may reduce smoking-related disease risk.

INTRODUCTION A wide array of alternative nicotine delivery devices (ANDD) has been developed and they are often described as less harmful than combustible cigarettes.

Although the use of combustible cigarettes is associated with several adverse health effects including multiple pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, the effects of e-cigarettes on both short- and long-term health have only begun to be investigated.

Marketed as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly gained popularity in recent years, especially among youth and young adults.

Existing evidence indicates e-cigarettes used in isolation are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, yet emerging work has demonstrated that adults use e-cigarettes largely in combination with combustible cigarettes (i.

This study evaluated the differences in concentrations of volatile and particulate compounds (including formaldehyde, benzene, glycerol, propylene glycol, nicotine, and particulate matter) in secondhand vapor (SHV) after ad libitum subject vaping of cig-a-like ENDS, after-subject smoking of combustible cigarettes (CC), and after-subject non-smoking/non-vaping (blank) in an environmental test chamber.

This randomized, multi-centre, controlled clinical study will test the hypotheses that following a switch from combustible cigarettes to a THP for 1 year, participants will experience a sustained reduction in exposure to tobacco-related toxicants that will lead to favourable changes in health effect indicators associated with smoking-related disease development.

The Food and Drug Administration has announced the potential for mandated lowering of nicotine levels in combustible cigarettes.

0%) dual users of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes.

Combustible cigarettes have been shown to adversely affect folate status; however, no study to date has explored how ENDS impact folate status.

2,3 Hookah smoking is often perceived to be safer than combustible cigarettes, largely because of the assumption that the water filters out carcinogens and toxicants and the perception that hookah uses more natural ingredients.

Background E‐cigarettes are popular for smoking cessation and as an alternative to combustible cigarettes.

Objective Study objectives were two-fold: (1) to adapt the YMD curriculum to a self-paced, interactive, electronic-learning (e-learning) format and expand its content to cover alcohol, combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drugs, and (2) to test the feasibility of the adapted curriculum in partnership with a national youth organization.

We examined the respective associations between baseline internalizing and externalizing problems and initiating use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, or both at 1-year follow-up.

0% dual users achieved biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence from combustible cigarettes (χ2=4.

89) greater odds of being in the poly-user class, which was characterized by dual use of ENDS, combustible cigarettes, hookah, and marijuana.

, alcohol and combustible cigarettes).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, self-report online survey between September 21 and October 3, 2018 that assessed awareness and use of JUUL e-cigarettes, other e-cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes in a national prob- ability sample of 1017 US adolescents aged 13-17 years.

BACKGROUND Manufacturers of e-cigarette-related products are using cartoons as a marketing strategy, despite restrictions on cartoon marketing for combustible cigarettes.

Analysis of covariance was used to compare the sleep health of daily/non‐daily e‐cigarette users to (a) non‐users and (b) users of combustible cigarettes.

The vapor is inhaled by the user and is generally considered to be less harmful than the smoke from combustible cigarettes because the vapor does not contain the toxins that are found in tobacco smoke.

The tobacco industry is now shifting its focus from combustible cigarettes to promoting the “safer” electronic nicotine delivery alternatives.