Introduction to Combined Surface

Herein, aptamer-modified fluorescence sensor combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced fluorescence for signal amplification detection of CA was firstly developed.

The article provides an overview of the experimental research developments of the recent years of the scientific school of the Volgograd State Technical University in the field of combined surface hardening of metals by electromechanical processing (EMP) in combination with surface plastic deformation (SPD).

The results showed that textural layered soils were patchily but extensively distributed throughout the study area (with a combined surface area percentage of about 84%).

We focus the classification of the real data set into the altitude, and the combined surface area factors.

Heterojunction nanostructures usually exhibit enhanced properties in compariosn with their building blocks and are promising catalyst candidates due to their combined surface and unique interface.

As a result, the combined surface load of the rotor was obtained and used to estimate the structural performance.

CONCLUSIONS The combined surface treatment of alumina airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical treatment, along with primer treatment using silane coupling and an MDP monomer, improved the adhesion strength and adhesion durability between base resins and Ce-TZP-Al2O3.

Here, experiments testing combined surface roughening and drying with varying magnitudes of each are used to test theoretical predictions for the intensity response.

When coupling details of metal-cutting machines FCS, it is necessary to ensure simultaneous contact of two combined surfaces of the guides.

It is concluded that this combined surface water quality evaluation model is more efficient and reasonable for surface water quality evaluation at a larger scale.

Add to this, general difficulties in separating vegetation properties contributing to the combined surface reflectance signal.

The review is based on the recent experimental advances on the sessile droplet wetting on the hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or their combined surfaces under the isothermal conditions, and on the heating or cooling substrates having nonisothermal conditions.

Single or combined surface markers are not only helpful for understanding the subpopulation of mixed stem cell populations according to cell function but also for improving the stable treatment effect of dental stem cells.

This work highlights the potential of combined surface science, theory, and catalyst studies for identifying new catalytic materials, which in this case led to the development of a promising single-site Pt1/CuxO catalyst for the preferential oxidation of CO.

We find: (1) at elevations >1600 m, 21% of supraglacial lakes and 28% of supraglacial rivers drain into moulins, signifying the presence of high-elevation surface-to-bed meltwater connections even during a colder-than-average melt season; (2) while supraglacial lakes dominate instantaneous surface meltwater storage, supraglacial rivers dominate total surface meltwater area and discharge; (3) the combined surface area of supraglacial lakes and rivers is strongly correlated with modeled surface runoff; and (4) of the three models examined here, MERRA-2 runoff yields the highest overall correlation with observed proglacial discharge in the Watson River.

Developing a combined surface road and underground logistics system based on a city’s metro network is a sustainable solution to alleviate urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution problems.

27%, combined surface and near-surface cover TLS: 96.

After the boulder locations are detected, a combined surface drilling and preblasting technique are adopted to pretreat the boulders.

First, the steady-state pattern is optimized using the field-scale pattern optimization algorithm while honoring field-scale constraints and using a combined surface and subsurface performance-indicator-driven objective function.

This study presents a combined surface modification method in which carbon coating was synthesized on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy subjected to thermo-chemical treatment (oxidation or carburizing) prior the coating deposition.

The results showed that textural layered soils were patchily but extensively distributed throughout the study area (with a combined surface area percentage of about 84%).

The combined surface and spoke-type topology are used to improve the output torque as well as to protect magnets of different grades against irreversible demagnetization.

In this work, we describe an innovative methodology based on combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemical responses (eSPR) in the same immunoassay for screening CA 15-3 cancer biomarker with high sensitivity (and selectivity), in a very simple, label-free, accurate, and fully automated manner.

This paper presents a model to calculate the combined surface and volume scattering losses for optical waveguides containing porous silica materials.

In this study, a combined surface modification technique involving ambient temperature sulfonation and surface coating of (hydroxyapatite (HA), 5%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(5%RGO/HA) and 10%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(10%RGO/HA) composites) on 30%CFR-PEEK was achieved with an appropriate temperature treatment at 345°C in nitrogen.

This study investigated the classification accuracy of a combined surface electromyographic (sEMG) and accelerometer (ACC) sensor system for monitoring activities of daily living in patients with stroke.

The performance of structurally and chemically well-defined single-crystalline cobalt- and iron-containing mixed oxide thin film model electrodes as bifunctional catalyst in the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) was investigated and compared with those of unary CoO(111) and Fe3O4(001) oxides in a combined surface science and electrochemistry approach.

The combined surface science studies and DFT calculations provide new insights into the surface structure-activity correlation of Ni-base bimetallic surface alloys.

Two methods of combined surface modification of low-carbon steel are studied: application of zinc coatings by painting technique and subsequent gas nitriding; simultaneous thermo-diffusion saturation by zinc and nitrogen.

The materials were subjected to combined surface treatment of mechanical brushing, thermal cycling, and immersion in chemical disinfectants (corega, chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG], and sodium hypochlorite) to simulate 1 year of clinical use.

However, in combined surface and underground mining, the breakthrough of an underground caving under an open pit may result in subsidence at the bottom of the pit.

In this study, we introduce a new hybrid sand screen that works based on a combined surface and depth filtration.

Then the frequency equation was derived according to the coupling conditions of the force and displacement during the combined surface of the vibration system.

Overall, questionnaires were obtained from 18 enterprises (of which 16 were chapters of the Polish Anglers Association) regarding a total of 30 reservoirs with a combined surface area of 29,666 ha, which is 49% of the total surface are of this type of basin in Poland, the largest country in East-Central Europe.

The speckle pattern method of continuous tracking is used to investigate the mechanical responses of materials in various deformation stress states and material microstructures, and a finite-element simulation of each deformation is conducted with the combined surface layer and grain boundary strengthening constitutive model, which considers the contributions of the surface grain, grain interior and grain boundary in representing the grain and geometry sizes.

The 242 edrioasteroids cover a combined surface area of 104.

In this communication, two types of PGA monofilaments were first fabricated from their polymer chips, followed by ultrasound/H2O2 combined surface modification at 1:1 (V/V), and different ultrasound frequencies (45, 60 and 75 KHz) were explored.

Here, we established a method to identify and isolate CSCs in ESCC using fluorescence-activated cell sorting with combined surface biomarkers including CD71, CD271, and CD338.

Herein, we introduce a combined surface and dual electronic modulation strategy to realize efficient robust metal-free all-pH HER catalysis by coupling metal-organic-framework derived N-doped carbon framework (MHCF, electron acceptors) with higher-Fermi-level pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs, electron donors), followed by surface modification with carboxyl-group-rich polymer.

Based on analysis of joint dynamic characteristics to obtain dynamic values of combined surface incorporating joint dynamic data, a method for dynamics modeling of machine tool considering joint dynamic characteristics is developed and analyzed.

The fretting fatigue property of specimens improved after the combined surface treatment.

In this experiment, we combined surface sparse point set registration with an internal and external breath amplitude correlation method, which substantially improved the runtime and accuracy of the experiment compared with the traditional PCA method.

In the present work, a combined surface treatment of surface texturing-double glow plasma surface titanizing was performed on AISI 316 stainless steel (316 SS) to improve its wear resistance.

The adsorption combined surface and internal diffusion.

The advantage of this combination is achieving multi-band surfaces, while it results in multi-band surfaces with narrower bandgaps compared with the bandgaps of unit cells which construct the combined surfaces.

In order to obtain information on the surface stress and the surface structure simultaneously, we combined surface-curvature and reflection high-energy electron-diffraction instrumentations in an identical ultrahigh vacuum system.

The combination of scanning probe microscopy and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy opens up new perspectives for the study of combined surface chemical, electrochemical and electromechanical properties at the nanoscale, providing both nanoscale resolution of physical information and the chemical sensitivity required to identify surface species and bulk ionic composition.

Here we combined surface micropatterning of adhesion molecules with optogenetic activation of intracellular signaling pathways to control the nature and morphology of cellular protrusions.

The water contact angle of Al 2024-T3 was reduced from 86° to 52° using a combined surface treatment of P1000 sand paper and TSP solution.

A conclusion is made about the durability of laser-textured hardened stainless steel surfaces produced by applying the proposed combined surface engineering approach.

Based on the XRD and microscopic analyses the following crystallization mechanisms were revealed: initial precipitation of tellurium (surface-located) followed by a combined surface- and bulk-located formation of GeTe and GeI4 phases.

Herein we investigated the effect of various surface treatments, especially the combined surface treatment of grit-blasting and phosphoric acid anodization (PAA), on the surface characteristics and the adhesion performance of aluminium-lithium alloy sheets.

PurposeVery little is known about the use of combined surface cementation (only tibial tray) and mobile-bearing tibial components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

1O2 cathode material, which is confirmed by combined surface-probing techniques.

Residential green space had protective effects against short-term distress [high green, per combined surface area of 10 ha: adjusted odds ratio OR = 0.

The mixed culture presented a great potential application in bioremediation of oil polluted sites owing to its degradation ability to crude oil and also in enhanced oil recovery process using the crude bioemulsifier having combined surface and emulsification activity.

We used these future climate projections with the calibrated SHER–MODFLOW model to evaluate the combined surface water and groundwater resources in 2041–2050 and 2091–2100.

The failure of the reinforcing structure of the arch surround is caused by the slip cracking of the combined surface between the second lining and the arch surround.

3% of their combined surface was common among 2 species.

Combined surface hardening (based on electromechanical processing, surface plastic deformation and non-abrasive ultrasonic finishing) of carbon steels allows, due to variations in the intensity of temperature and deformation effects, to purposefully change the structural-phase composition and stress-strain state of the surface and near-surface metal layers.

3Ti5O12(111) surfaces/electrodes in a combined surface science and electrochemical model study.

Thus, the combined surface roughening and calcite coating of Ti substrates promoted MC3T3-E1 differentiation, whereas roughening alone was not effective.

Compared to the parent GO/LDH and Au and Ag singly-modified GO/LDH samples, AuAg@GO/LDH revealed proficient photocatalytic potential owing to the existence of combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects, characterised through UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), generating hot electrons from both photoexcited Au and Ag atoms under visible light illumination.