Introduction to Cluster Randomized Trials

We evaluated participant outcomes and compared out-of-facility MMD models using data from cluster-randomized trials in Southern Africa.

Method and analysis: This review will report on overall studies that include randomized control trials, randomized cross-over studies and cluster-randomized trials designs that consider curative effect in children with ASD by probiotic supplements.

In group or cluster-randomized trials (GRTs), matching is a technique that can be used to improve covariate balance.

In cluster-randomized trials, sometimes the effect of the intervention being studied differs between clusters, commonly referred to as treatment effect heterogeneity.

Methods We are conducting two consecutive parallel cluster-randomized trials with 54 NHs in each trial (27 treatment, 27 control).

Methods Two cluster-randomized trials were carried out to assess the outcomes of different invitation strategies.

Background: Cluster-randomized trials allow for the evaluation of a community-level or group-/cluster-level intervention.

Statistical inference used a two-stage approach recommended for cluster-randomized trials with <15 clusters/arm.

Covariate constrained randomization (CCR) is a method of controlling imbalance in important baseline covariates in cluster-randomized trials (CRT).

The DeWorm3 study is designed to assess the feasibility of using community-based MDA with albendazole to interrupt the transmission of STH, through a series of cluster-randomized trials in Benin, India and Malawi.

Note CONSORT for cluster-randomized trials was used for the main trial but is not directly applicable to this manuscript.

DESIGN AND INTERVENTION We are conducting two cluster-randomized trials, one in the U.

Background and aim Some parallel-group cluster-randomized trials use covariate-constrained rather than simple randomization.

To plan cluster-randomized trials with sufficient statistical power to detect intervention effects on student achievement, researchers need multilevel design parameters, including measures of between-classroom and between-school differences and the amounts of variance explained by covariates at the student, classroom, and school level.

Adapting a method used in cluster-randomized trials, we propose a covariate-constrained randomization method to be used in SW designs.

Accounting for dependent observations in cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) using nested data is necessary in order to avoid misestimated standard errors resulting in questionable inferential statistics.

SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomized trials (cluster-RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), interrupted time series (ITS) study designs, and controlled before-and-after studies (CBA), that evaluated the effect of education and training interventions on the incidence of sharps injuries and splash exposures compared to no-intervention.

To address this issue, the international PROPERmed collaboration was set up to obtain/synthesize individual participant data (IPD) from five cluster-randomized trials.

Methods Impact was assessed using 2 cluster-randomized trials (pregnant women, children) run simultaneously.

Methods We searched seven electronic databased for randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized trials, and quasi-randomized trials from January 1990 to March 2017.

We included randomized controlled trials and cluster-randomized trials.

Key Points Question What are the estimated sample sizes needed to adequately power parallel cluster-randomized trials with common health care–associated infection outcomes, and how do the parameters affect these estimates in the field of hospital infection control and antimicrobial stewardship? Findings This cohort study found that large sample sizes were needed to appropriately power cluster-randomized trials in the field of hospital epidemiology, because the outcomes are rare.

In STAR, two pragmatic cluster-randomized trials evaluated the effectiveness of continuous HIVST distribution over 12 months in increasing testing coverage and linkage to care in Malawi and Zambia.

Results From 1311 citations, we included 36 RCTs (13 cluster-randomized trials), recruiting a total of 3510 dialysis patients (mean age 55.

Here, we conducted a pooled analysis of all published cluster-randomized trials evaluating the effect of azithromycin MDA on child mortality.

Reviewed studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) and quasi-experimental studies that compared outcomes of person-centered care and usual (non-person-centered) care, for people with a diagnosis of dementia.

In future, cluster-randomized trials to investigate the individual categories of intervention would be desirable.

As the use of cluster-randomized trials continues to increase among public health researchers, it is imperative that statistical approaches used to assess treatment effects adequately account for correlations induced by the collection of data on multiple subjects within clusters.

Both trials are cluster-randomized trials among children registered in Bandim Health Project’s rural health and demographic surveillance system throughout Guinea-Bissau.

Results: Eight randomized-controlled and two cluster-randomized trials were included.

Through a series of National Institutes of Health-funded projects led by HealthPartners Institute and the HealthPartners Center for Chronic Care Innovation and HCSRN partners, Priorities Wizard has been evaluated in cluster-randomized trials and expanded to include over 20 clinical domains.

Background Cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) are being increasingly used to test a range of interventions, including medical interventions commonly used in clinical practice.

Interpretation of such guidance for cluster-randomized trials and stepped-wedge trials, which commonly evaluate complex non-therapeutic interventions such as knowledge translation, public health, or health service delivery interventions, can pose challenges to researchers and regulators.

In this article, we document whether and how researchers report and measure program fidelity in recent cluster-randomized trials.

The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation implemented multi-country, cluster-randomized trials to compare effectiveness of community-wide and school-based treatment (SBT) regimens on prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis.

BACKGROUND Few cluster-randomized trials have been performed in rural Guatemala.

BACKGROUND In cluster-randomized trials (CRT), groups rather than individuals are randomized to interventions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to examine the emerging results from the HIV universal test and treat (UTT) cluster-randomized trials in sub-Saharan Africa, discuss how expanding access to HIV clinical services is likely to reshape the arc of HIV epidemics, and consider implications for HIV prevention and control strategies in the coming decade.

It demonstrates how to use the Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing in the setting of cluster-randomized trials.

The model prediction would need to be confirmed by cluster-randomized trials.