Introduction to Characteristics Relate

Background: To understand the factors associated with timing of adjuvant therapy in the management of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and the impact of delays on overall survival (OS) Methods: Data from the NCDB for patients with pathologically proven non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts from 2004 to 2014 were pooled and screened Patients were included only if they underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (CMT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) Patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy or received CMT or RT with palliative intent were excluded Pearson's chisquared test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the distribution of demographic, clinical, and treatment factors After propensity-score matching with inverse probability of treatment weighting, OS was compared between patients who had initiation of adjuvant therapy past various time points using Kaplan Meier analyses and doubly-robust estimation with multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling Results: In total, 7,422 patients in our analysis underwent adjuvant treatment This represented 43% of the study cohort of 17,123 patients Of the patients who underwent adjuvant treatment, 3,956 (53%) initiated adjuvant therapy by two months, 6,234 (84%) by 3 months and 6,987 (94%) by four months High-grade disease, macroscopically positive margins, tumors larger than five centimeters, and unknown LVSI status, were associated with earlier initiation of adjuvant treatment at two months or earlier Patients who received early adjuvant therapy were also more likely to be treated with a combination of CMT and RT Factors associated with delay of adjuvant therapy beyond three months postsurgery included Charlson scores of one or greater and Hispanic race After propensity score weighting, there was no survival difference between groups when comparing initiation of adjuvant therapy before or after two, three or four month time pointsConclusions: We identified a number of patient characteristics related to the timing of initiating adjuvant therapy in patients with biliary cancers There were no significant difference in OS associated with delaying adjuvant therapy beyond two, three or four month time-points Our findings are relevant in the era of COVID-19 when minimizing patient exposure to healthcare settings during a pandemic may need to be considered when deciding on the timing of adjuvant therapy If a delay is necessary, our results suggest that there is no survival detriment to initiating adjuvant therapy beyond three or four months after surgery for biliary cancers.

This study was guided by Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovations where research objectives were to (1) determine where organizations range in the innovation-decision process of remote work adoption, (2) categorize organizations' level of innovativeness with respect to remote work adoption over time, (3) describe how organizational characteristics relate to remote work adoption, (4) describe how the attributes of remote work relate to the likelihood of remote work adoption among organizations, and (5) describe the extent to which organizations have implemented remote work in response to COVID-19 and their favorability towards the practice.

Although this study did not identify individual characteristics related to long-term stress in pair-housing, the individual variation confirms that some individuals are more resilient to change than others and provides possibilities for future refinement studies.

This study compared individual characteristics related to fitness status and body dimensions of low-, medium-, and high responders to HA.

It has been well-documented that female and male athletes differ in many physiological and psychological characteristics related to endurance performance.

Method In a cross-sectional survey design, 521 young adults (37% male), ages 18–25 from the United States, were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in 2019, to answer an online survey measuring demographic characteristics and psychological characteristics related to mental health and the Big Five personality traits.

CONCLUSION Clinical characteristics related to DT walking performance differed according to cognitive-motor DT-condition used.

To that end, we measured the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and analyzed its association with: (1) demographics; (2) health-related behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary habits; (3) Plaque Index (PI); (4) Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT); and (5) clinical characteristics related to third molar extraction, such as the indication for extraction, tooth angulations, and radiographic pathology.

We aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics related to a change in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients with bronchiectasis after one year.

This prevalence is nearly 1 in 4 adults with ≥3 sociodemographic characteristics related to difficulty in accessing medical care.

These aircraft types have [some specific characteristics related to its time performance.

Deep RNAseq analyses of diverse plant species will be valuable to recognize general and lineage-specific characteristics related to the mitochondrial transcription process.

In this study, clinical patient characteristics related to COVID-19 outcome and advanced care planning, in terms of non-oncological treatment restrictions (e.

Disease diagnoses when having harmonizing formula prescriptions and patient characteristics related to these prescriptions were collected.

METHODS Using pooled data from the nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessments, we fit a log-binomial regression model to identify characteristics related to HIV positivity among HIV-positive unaware and HIV-negative men ever tested for HIV.

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics related to high resilience among older people exposed to the Jeju 4·3 incident.

OBJECTIVE To identify and describe phenotypes related to kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance, and pain catastrophizing, and determine clinical and demographic characteristics related to each phenotype as a function of self-reported function of the upper limbs in individuals with shoulder pain.

Trade‐offs at intermediate classes imply differentiation in demographic characteristics related to life history strategies.

The competition between weeds and crops results in less access to some resources, which tends to cause deficiencies that culminate in changes in physiological characteristics related to photosynthesis, such as water deficiency (Galon et al.

We combined thermogravimetric (TG) analysis with analyses of the mRNA abundance, enzymatic activity, and physiological characteristics related to the cell wall.

South American camelids (SAC) have unique characteristics related to adaptation to extreme environments and metabolism.

This chapter begins with a brief introduction to therapeutic antibodies, including unique characteristics related to their structure/function, followed by considerations in lead selection and suitable bioanalytical strategies.

In this report, we examine rhHPX in comparison with plasma HPX using a systematic analysis of protein structural and functional characteristics related to heme binding.

A growing body of evidence about the miRNA world reveals the fact that it is not possible to uncover these molecules' structural and functional characteristics related to the biological processes with a deterministic approach.

The results show the presence in Spanish of some special characteristics related to heritage speakers' linguistic repertoire, such as the lack of gender and number agreement, the wrong assignment of gender to nouns, the incorrect use of prepositions, and the overuse of semantic and syntactic calques due to literal translation from English.

This new paradigm has demonstrated special characteristics related to this treatment, including neuroprotective and neurodegeneration, remyelination, reduction of neural inflammation, and recovery of function after induced injury.

From the execution of an analysis process, the quality characteristics related to the occurrence of DT items identified in the discussions, the respective indicators and types of debt were identified.

The presence of EC, Cl- and COD in both periods indicates quality characteristics related to the mineralization of organic compounds present in the water and the eutrophication process.

(1) To explore individual and family characteristics related to anthropometric and cardiometabolic health indicators and (2) examine whether characteristics that correlate with cardiometabolic health indicators differ across severity of obesity at time of entry to Canadian pediatric weight management clinics.

Family characteristics related were higher means of sum of children (t= -2.

Therefore, we could confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis, and thus it has become possible to predict various characteristics related to LVSs.

Teachers used metaphors based on three categories: gifted education, the social value and various characteristics related to giftedness.

This paper presents an overview of CMOS image sensor-based surveillance applications over the last decade by tabulating the design characteristics related to image quality such as resolution, frame rate, dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, and also processing technology.

In the analysis, this paper investigates design characteristics related to accountability across different standard types, namely, principle-based, reporting, certification and process standards.

The present findings showed the existence of large relationships between the muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis and physical characteristics related to elite performance in FH.

Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the physical characteristics related to the overall development of shoulder pain in both female and male swimmers.

Specifically, this inductive analysis considers characteristics related to the brand (i.

We consider characteristics related to a property’s role in the supply chain, location, land characteristics, and the policy environment.

A single child has certain common characteristics related to social preferences and learning attitude, which will potentially change the classroom environment.

Purpose Can impaired bone remodeling (found in aseptic-ischemic osteonecrosis of the jaw [AIOJ], bone marrow defects [BMD], or fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis of the jaw [FDOJ]) represent a risk factor for BRONJ formation? Patients and Methods A literature search clarified the relationship between AIOJ, BMD, FDOJ, and BRONJ, in which common characteristics related to signal cascades, pathohistology, and diagnostics are explored and compared.

In this review, we discuss in what ways young and adult birds differ with respect to migration performance and compass orientation during migration, how they respond to external information including topography and winds during migration, and what phenotypic characteristics related to migratory behaviour may change over a lifetime in individual birds.

Therefore, this study was conducted to confirm an efficient RH management method by analyzing the phenotypic characteristics related to photo-physiology by controlling the RH in a greenhouse during the daytime with a fog system.

This work introduces a strategy for the exploration and analysis of soundscapes that highlights data characteristics related to differences and similarities among distinct soundscapes.

Noise and class imbalance are two common data characteristics related to the quality and nature of many real-world data sources, which usually negatively affect the performance of many machine learning classification algorithms.

In this review, we examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures, and we identify influential acceptance factors related to individuals, society, and DRR measures.

As a first step, we conducted a systematic literature review to examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures.

The dosimeter after irradiation was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to derive basic characteristics related to dose response: threshold dose, linear and dynamic dose response, dose sensitivity as well as stability over time after irradiation.

We begin by considering an SEAIR model including basic characteristics related to COVID-19.

Purpose The aims of this study were (1) to quantify variability in voice production (as measured acoustically) within and across consecutive days in vocally healthy female speakers, (2) to identify which acoustic measures are sensitive to this variability, and (3) to identify participant characteristics related to such voice variability.

Second, we identified participant characteristics related to both increased and decreased odds that participants perceive the simulator training as effective.

Transmission electron microscopy revealed some highly unusual morphological characteristics related to prey availability.

The morphological characteristics related to the development of the plants (total height and pseudostem diameter) were evaluated throughout the acclimatization period.

In addition, the within case pattern analysis indicated additional characteristics related to implementation effectiveness.

Additional characteristics related to security, immunity, flexibility and low cost issues render FSO a reasonable candidate for military applications.

Based on the traits related to fruit quality such as fruit weight, fruit skin color, and fruit flavor, as well as in terms of chemical characteristics related to medicinal properties such as total flavonoids and antioxidant activity, 17 accessions were superior that could be used in breeding programs or cultivated directly.

The enzymatic keratin hydrolysates were assessed in terms of the physico-chemical characteristics related to the content of dry substance, total nitrogen, keratin, ash, cysteic sulphur, and cysteine.

Personal characteristics related to high sensitivity to anxiety and low emotional intelligence implied greater presence of mobbing at work.

The majority of error detection studies have centered on the topics of (a) defining errors and error hierarchy, (b) developing tests and programmed materials, (c) personal characteristics related to error detection ability, and (d) factors that influence error detection ability.

A multivariate analysis revealed that clear margins, microcalcifications and centripetal perfusion were independent characteristics related to PTCs for their differentiation from CAST (all p values <0.

On multivariable analysis, (i) patient demographics: older age, tobacco use, recent diagnosis, higher comorbidity, and use of assisted reproductive technology, (ii) pregnancy characteristics: placenta previa, prior CS, breech presentation, and grand multiparity, and (iii) hospital factors: urban-teaching center and large bed capacity hospital, represented the independent characteristics related to PAS (all, P<0.

Future intervention studies should identify specific cultural characteristics related to vaccine attitudes and behaviors to create more targeted cultural adaptations in HPV vaccine promotion.

To explore the connection between the ‘spirit of place’ and defensive spaces in Wugoushui, a traditional representative settlement in Taiwan, this paper probes three questions: What are the changes in defensive spaces? What are the changes in the spirit of place? What are the connections between them? Taking the sixteen criteria of secure defensive space as the theoretical foundation, through more than a year of structured observations and in-depth interviews with ten representative residents, and based on context analysis and site analysis of the information collected, this paper has concluded that, although the actual functionality of Wugoushui settlement’s spiritual, behavioural, and physical defences have disappeared, cultural characteristics related to the settlement traditions, including religious beliefs, trust, sense of belonging, street network, nodes, institutions, territory, and social networks, constitute a concrete manifestation of the defensive space and the spirit of place as of today.

Initially, field-template and structure–activity atlas models were constructed to understand and explain the molecular features responsible for SARS-CoVID-2 main protease inhibitors, which revealed that Eribulin Mesylate, Plitidepsin, and Trabectedin possess similar characteristics related to SARS-CoVID-2 main protease inhibitors.

This reduction makes it easy to detect units that have similar characteristics related to the considered variables.

Enhancement of a range of biochemical and molecular characteristics related to the fruit's defense system was detected by RNA-Seq analysis, quantitative PCR and quantification of total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity by DPPH, and enzymatic activities in the fruit.

These concepts include (i) BC arising from mammary lobules, (ii) BC growing in dissociated cells and single files, and (iii) BC defined as a morpho-molecular spectrum of tumors with distinct histological and molecular characteristics related to impaired cell adhesion.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The increased risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy may be due to confounding from time stable parental characteristics related to treatment with clomiphene citrate, since the association was strongest with the lowest administered dosage of clomiphene citrate prior to conception, and the association disappeared in a sibling analysis.

Understanding the parental characteristics related to children's home environment may allow for tailoring obesity interventions to families' needs.

The information contained in these maps summarizes key characteristics related with the physical environment and provides fundamental information of the Earth for vegetation monitoring or land use status over time.

This scoping review aimed to identify the key characteristics related to self-management of dementia by carers including its components, theoretical/conceptual frameworks that underpinned these components and measurements.

Multivariable analysis was performed to identify patient and tumor characteristics related to adenocarcinoma.

In this work, we propose a novel type of deep radiomic features (DRFs) computed from a convolutional neural network (CNN), which capture tumor characteristics related to immune cell markers and overall survival.

Traditionally, centrality measurements were used directly on topographical structure of the networks and these measurements consider different characteristics related to structural and functional importance.

Each cluster exhibited different characteristics related to health behaviours and social determinants.

Results Participants identified multiple characteristics related to the health care work environment and desirable attributes of health care personnel.

16L1 possessed multiple characteristics related to saline-alkali stress tolerant, including well-developed green leaves, more pods, elevated proline, high levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and strong photosynthetic capacity.

Results The quantile regression model suggests that globalisation, settlement, and population characteristics related to high human mobility and interaction predict reported disease diffusion.

Machine learning predicted severe JSN and identified population characteristics related to normal and abnormal joint space width.

Demographic features, ICT usage purposes and affective characteristics related to ICT were added to the models related to teacher and student characteristics in sets.

The results also suggest that keeping a science journal develops students’ affective characteristics related to science.