Introduction to Anaplastic Transformation

Importantly, radiotherapy should be avoided as it carries a risk for anaplastic transformation into high-grade SCC; distinguishing verrucous carcinoma from well-differentiated SCC is therefore advisable.

Furthermore, the cells harbored the BRAFV600E mutation, suggesting anaplastic transformation from PTC.

This process is also called anaplastic transformation, and the morphological harbingers of this phenomenon in nodal recurrence have not been assessed systematically.

Seventeen out of the total 29 patients presented with anaplastic transformation in long-standing goiter.

While BRAFV600E in murine neural precursors induces oligoid tumors, it requires an overactivation of PI3K/mTOR-signaling for the development of hyperexcitable gangliogliomas and additional Trp53-loss for anaplastic transformation.

Importantly, radiotherapy should be avoided as it carries a risk for anaplastic transformation into high-grade SCC; distinguishing verrucous carcinoma from well-differentiated SCC is therefore advisable.

Additional analyses in one of the vemurafenib-treated tumors before and after anaplastic transformation revealed the emergence of an oncogenic PIK3CA mutation, activation of ERK signaling, dedifferentiation, and development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Anaplastic transformation of thyroid carcinoma although rare but is well-accepted phenomena.

Malignant IVMs at the first diagnosis (group A, 50 patients) and those with anaplastic transformation from previous WHO grades I and II tumors (group B, 15 patients) were separately analyzed.

Then, based on further clinical investigation, she was diagnosed with the anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis.

Did anaplastic transformation give the tumour increased adaptability? Could a second generation inhibitor, designed to target resistance mutations, have allowed a more sustained response? Although many questions remain unanswered, this case offered an unprecedented hindsight about the clinico-pathological course of a patient harbouring NTRK gene fusion and is the first confirmation of the in silico predicted NTRK2 p.

Karnofsky performance status, overall survival, progression-free survival, neurological deficits postoperatively, and anaplastic transformation were the main measured outcomes.

Summary Anaplastic transformation of a primary thyroid tumor whose process can be followed is rare.

Imaging was most concerning for high-grade glioma, gliomatosis cerebri with anaplastic transformation, vs solitary metastasis and less concerning for evolving intraparenchymal hemorrhage, abscess, tuberculoma, or fungal granuloma.

Radiotherapy is contraindicated as it can lead to rapid anaplastic transformation.

Radiotherapy, commonly used in all stages of conventional laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, is often avoided in LVC because early reports described a potential for anaplastic transformation with this treatment modality.

However, an anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), although a rare condition, should be considered even after a prolonged period of patient follow‐up.

Anaplastic transformation may also occur and contributes to intra and extraneural metastatic dissemination.

It is characterized by hypercellularity, atypia, brisk mitotic activity, variable necrosis, and association with a classic PA component or anaplastic transformation in a recurrent tumor with a previously-documented classic PA.

Exceptional features of this case include the temporal lobe location, 1p/19q loss by FISH without true whole‐arm codeletion, and anaplastic transformation associated with ATRX mutation without radiation or chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND Intradural extramedullary spinal ependymomas arising from outside the region of the conus medullaris are rare clinical entities and anaplastic transformation of these lesions is even more exceptional.

Currently, we can account for some of the unusual behavior, such as oncogene-induced senescence, associated spontaneous regression, anaplastic transformation, and cerebrospinal dissemination, of these gliomas.