Introduction to Abnormal Functional

BACKGROUND Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely applied to explore abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in patients with post-facial paralysis synkinesis (PFPS).

Then, a seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis was conducted to further reveal the abnormal functional connectivity between the altered VMHC regions and the whole brain.

The abnormal functional connectivity predictors, involving default mode network, attention network, auditory network, and sensorimotor mouth network, thalamus, and cerebellum, as well as the anatomical regions in basal ganglia, are found to encode the most discriminative information, which collaborates with macrostructure and diffusion alterations to boost the performances of disorder diagnosis.

Some studies have shown abnormal functional connectivity in the default mode network of individuals with schizophrenia, and more recent studies have shown abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in individuals with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Many previous studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity patterns between brain areas underlying the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that major depressive disorder (MDD) has been involved in abnormal functional and structural connections in specific brain regions.

Objective: To explore the brain areas which have abnormal functional connectivity with anterior cingutate in opiate drug dependence during physical detoxification using a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), and to find out the role of anterior cingutate dysfunction in the relapse of opiate drug addicts during physical detoxification.

A voxel-based degree centrality method was used to identify abnormal functional network centrality by comparing degree centrality values between the congenital amusia group and the healthy control group.

Our robust functional linear regression model can be used alongside an outlier detection procedure to effectively identify abnormal functional responses.

Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been inconsistent.

We revealed abnormal functional organizations of midbrain-striato and midbrain-cortical circuits in HUs.

Some studies have shown abnormal functional connectivity in the default mode network of individuals with schizophrenia, and more recent studies have shown abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in individuals with schizophrenia.

Some studies have shown abnormal functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) of individuals with schizophrenia, and more recent studies have shown abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in individuals with schizophrenia.

• Higher-order networks including frontoparietal regions and DMN demonstrated abnormal functional connectivity.

In addition, previous studies have also demonstrated abnormal functional and structural brain regions in primary dysmenorrhea.

Long-term bilateral hearing imbalance can cause abnormal functional changes in the cerebral cortex.

Extreme selection for morphological traits, as appear in some companion rabbits selected for a paedomorphic (dwarf rabbits) or gerontomorphic (belier rabbits) appearance, may cause abnormal functional conditions, which in turn could be expressed as significative degrees of asymmetries.

We have identified abnormal functional connectivity in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in patients with MMD-induced chorea highlighting the corticostriatal pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MMD-induced chorea.

Previous studies have identified abnormal functional connectivity in schizophrenia patients at the resting state brain network level.

In this study, dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) analyses were performed in 21 patients with migraine without aura and 21 gender- and age-matched healthy controls to identify the voxel-level abnormal functional dynamics.

The first study was a cross-sectional 2-by-2 factorial design (tinnitus, no tinnitus; hearing loss, normal hearing, n = 68) to define cohort level abnormal functional connectivity maps using high-field 7.

We have identified abnormal functional connectivity in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in patients with MMD-induced chorea highlighting the corticostriatal pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MMD-induced chorea.

This study aimed to investigate the abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of the cerebellar dentate nucleus (DN) and its correlation with cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive and first-episode schizophrenia.

At present, most brain functional studies are based on traditional frequency bands to explore the abnormal functional connections and topological organization of patients with depression.

Studies have shown that a small number of abnormal functional connections (FCs) exist in the cerebral hemisphere of ASD patients.

Patients with aMCI exhibit partially abnormal functional brain connectivity and it is suggested that these features may represent a new diagnostic marker of early AD.

However, hypoplasics present atypical structural connections to different brain regions, leading to entirely new and abnormal functional brain connectivity patterns.

This result fits the disconnection hypothesis that describes schizophrenia as a brain disorder characterized by an abnormal functional integration among brain regions.

These results confirm that CP is associated with functional brain abnormalities beyond the sensorimotor network, suggesting abnormal functional integration of the brain’s motor and primary sensory systems.

Our robust functional linear regression model can be used alongside an outlier detection procedure to effectively identify abnormal functional responses.

Our robust functional linear regression model can be used alongside an outlier detection procedure to effectively identify abnormal functional responses.

A voxel-based degree centrality method was used to identify abnormal functional network centrality by comparing degree centrality values between the congenital amusia group and the healthy control group.

These results suggest that abnormal functional network characteristics and their dynamics associated with left parietal lobe may significantly link to the onset of the severe post-TBI attention deficits in children.

Conclusions: These findings revealed abnormal functional coupling of amygdala subregions in GAD patients with regions involved in fear processing and emotion regulation, including anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus, which provide the unique biological markers for GAD and facilitating the future accurate clinical diagnosis and target treatment.

Purpose The phantom sound of tinnitus is considered to be associated with abnormal functional coupling between the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the prefrontal cortex, which may form a frontostriatal top-down gating system to evaluate and modulate sensory signals.

CONCLUSION Our study has shown for the first time that RTX can reverse the abnormal functional activities of MOs as well as their production of proinflammatory cytokines at the onset of T1D.

The resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) date was analyzed using regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach to find out the abnormal functional activity brain regions.

Consistent with structural imaging, functional imaging conducted during the specific tasks or in the resting state has both found abnormal functional activation and connectivity in the vestibular cortex, especially in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), visual cortex, cerebellum, and anxiety-related network in PPPD and related disorder.

Deficient performance was accompanied by abnormal functional activation patterns predominantly in DMN regions during encoding and retrieval.

Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess with the relationship between patient characteristics and abnormal functional status post-transplant.

Abnormal functional status at hospital discharge was associated with increased healthcare utilization up to 2 years thereafter.

By definition, abnormal functional movements are significantly altered by distractive or non-physiological maneuvers, and they are clinically incongruent with those of typical neurological diseases [2].

The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) has been developed to detect abnormal functional movement patterns and can be used for predicting risks of sports injury.

We revealed abnormal functional organizations of midbrain-striato and midbrain-cortical circuits in HUs.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by abnormal functional organization of brain networks, which may underlie the cognitive and social impairments observed in affected individuals.

The major contribution of this work is to prove the efficiency of this diagnosis methodology to detect different faults simultaneously, in normal and abnormal functional conditions.

Extreme selection for morphological traits, as appear in some companion rabbits selected for a paedomorphic (dwarf rabbits) or gerontomorphic (belier rabbits) appearance, may cause abnormal functional conditions, which in turn could be expressed as significative degrees of asymmetries.

Taken together, our study presents the initial evidence on specifically abnormal functional dynamics of limbic, emotion regulation, and social cognition systems in the patients with PDD and PPD-A, which provides new insight into the brain dynamic dysfunction of PPD and PPD-A and may facilitate understanding neurophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment for PPD and PPD-A.

In this study, dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) analyses were performed in 21 patients with migraine without aura and 21 gender- and age-matched healthy controls to identify the voxel-level abnormal functional dynamics.