Introduction to 3d Trajectory

What is/are 3d Trajectory?

3d Trajectory - Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on 3D trajectory tracking of unmanned vehicle authenticate the effectiveness of the proposed method. ^[1] This paper presents a framework for 3D trajectory design in cluttered environments for multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles. ^[2] In order to prove its potential for VR services, the method was deployed on an adaptive tile-based VR streaming testbed, for benchmarking against a 3D trajectory extrapolation approach. ^[3] In this paper, the 3D trajectory of a primary-color (red or green or blue) object is estimated using color-based optical flow and stereo vision. ^[4] Afterwards, a path tracking method is utilized for a desired 3D trajectory. ^[5] An alternating-maximization strategy is proposed to solve the joint 3D trajectory design and power allocation for the relaying UAVs. ^[6] This method transforms the 3D trajectory planning problem into the 2D trajectory planning problem, which not only greatly simplifies the difficulty of the algorithm planning, but also can adapt to different shape surfaces. ^[7] Moreover, the 3D trajectory tracking strategy for the powered parafoil is also established, which is globally asymptotically stable. ^[8] Our algorithm is designed to fuse the “weak” perceptual processes in the large number of views by progressively generating skeletal proposals from low-level appearance cues, and a framework for temporal refinement is also presented by associating body parts to reconstructed dense 3D trajectory stream. ^[9] We propose an efficient algorithm to maximize the SR’s average achievable rate over this period by jointly optimizing the UAV’s 3D trajectory and power control, subject to the additional constraints on UAV’s maximum flying speed and initial/final locations. ^[10] Our method leverages 3D box depth-ordering matching for robust instance association and utilizes 3D trajectory prediction for re-identification of occluded vehicles. ^[11] The framework includes the composition of the measurement setup, selecting the object tracking methods, post-processing of the motion trajectories, 3D trajectory reconstruction, and characterizing and visualizing the movement data. ^[12] This paper reports on an experimental usability evaluation of different haptic guidance modes varying in their degree of autonomy as well as degree of freedom (DOF) with respect to three surgical scenarios, namely reaching a predefined position and orientation, tracking a predefined 3D trajectory, and applying a defined force (such as during e. ^[13] By fixing some reliable estimations produced by the resulting model, our method automatically collects the annotations across the entire video as solving the 3D trajectory completion problem. ^[14] Justification and efficiency of the developed vision-based system are confirmed in Gazebo simulation experiment where the target UAV is executing a 3D trajectory in a shape of number eight. ^[15] The 3D trajectory plots from some groups indicated the presence of repetitive swimming patterns akin to stereotypical movements. ^[16] The orbit is machined on the internal surface of cylinder block by means of milling, while two guide balls are embedded on the rotary disc surface and move in the pre-set 3D trajectory. ^[17] Numerical results show that in the scenario with CoMP reception, our proposed 3D trajectory optimization significantly outperforms the conventional 2D horizontal trajectory design, by exploiting the additional degree of freedom in vertical trajectory. ^[18] To tackle this nonconvex problem, we develop an iterative optimization algorithm based on successive convex approximation techniques, which updates the 3D trajectory and beamwidth simultaneously in each iteration. ^[19] To take advantage of the developments of deep learning on image classification, we proposed a method that converts 3D trajectory data into 2D images and trains a deep network adapted to sketch-like images. ^[20] A horizontal closure error lower than 25 cm was achieved; also, a global assessment of the overall 3D trajectory was carried out, performing a comparison to a standard differential solution with respect to a permanent GNSS station, and standard deviations of the differences between 10 and 20 cm for the 3D components (east, north and up) were achieved. ^[21] The proposed methodology was validated in 2D and 3D trajectory-following experiments with 20 volunteers each teleoperating a KUKA industrial robot. ^[22] Finally, to produce a complete results visualization of the MOP and the final 3D trajectory, the architecture was implemented in a simulation with Matlab/Simulink/flightGear. ^[23] The 3D trajectory of imagined arm movements was decoded from power spectral density of mu, low beta, high beta, and low gamma EEG oscillations using multiple linear regression. ^[24] From the result of experiment, we can estimate the height of sedimentary sand from dog's running 3D trajectory. ^[25] Unlike prior work, which uses PIN and pattern based passwords to authenticate users in VR environments, our approach authenticates users based on their natural interactions within the virtual space by matching the 3D trajectory of the dominant hand gesture controller in a display-based head-mounted VR system to a library of trajectories. ^[26] Furthermore, the target person's 3D trajectory is recovered based on the mapping of the 2d-3D body joints. ^[27] To minimize the energy consumption so as to extend the endurance of the UAV, we intend to jointly optimize its 3D trajectory and the task-cache strategies among GTs to save the energies spent on flight propulsion and GT tasks. ^[28] Calculations were also performed based on the TOST global 3D trajectory-mapped ozone data product. ^[29] The proposed catheter framework is evaluated by the 3D trajectory tracking experiments both in a real 3D open space and in a minimum-energy-based simulator. ^[30] Participants learned to perform a 3D trajectory matching task on the basis of binary reward-feedback in three phases. ^[31] So far, these factors have been dealt with in the context of 2D and 3D trajectory optimization, which are no longer efficient. ^[32] More specifically, the dark-field signal on a 3D trajectory always consists of a linear combination of a constant and an angular-dependent component. ^[33] In this paper, we propose a new aerodynamic model to estimate the 3D trajectory from a single camera video and evaluate the performance of lobs. ^[34] For a 3D trajectory planning problem with timestamps information, due to the presence of multiple kinds of constraints, the feasible domain is non-convex, so it is easy to fall into local optimum for trajectory planning. ^[35] In this paper, a controller of AMB is proposed to achieve rotor 3D trajectory control. ^[36] We developed a method for the precise estimation of the 3D trajectory of a baseball by modeling the movement of the baseball and estimating the capture delay, using multiple unsynchronized cameras. ^[37]

3d trajectory tracking

Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on 3D trajectory tracking of unmanned vehicle authenticate the effectiveness of the proposed method. ^[1] Moreover, the 3D trajectory tracking strategy for the powered parafoil is also established, which is globally asymptotically stable. ^[2] The proposed catheter framework is evaluated by the 3D trajectory tracking experiments both in a real 3D open space and in a minimum-energy-based simulator. ^[3]

3d trajectory design

This paper presents a framework for 3D trajectory design in cluttered environments for multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles. ^[1] An alternating-maximization strategy is proposed to solve the joint 3D trajectory design and power allocation for the relaying UAVs. ^[2]

3d trajectory planning

This method transforms the 3D trajectory planning problem into the 2D trajectory planning problem, which not only greatly simplifies the difficulty of the algorithm planning, but also can adapt to different shape surfaces. ^[1] For a 3D trajectory planning problem with timestamps information, due to the presence of multiple kinds of constraints, the feasible domain is non-convex, so it is easy to fall into local optimum for trajectory planning. ^[2]

3d trajectory optimization

Numerical results show that in the scenario with CoMP reception, our proposed 3D trajectory optimization significantly outperforms the conventional 2D horizontal trajectory design, by exploiting the additional degree of freedom in vertical trajectory. ^[1] So far, these factors have been dealt with in the context of 2D and 3D trajectory optimization, which are no longer efficient. ^[2]